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What is a developmental disability
- loss of function brought on by pre-natal or pos-natal events - in which the predominant disturbance is to the acquisition of cognitive, language, motor or social skills
- e.g. mental retardation, autism, learning disorders, ADD
- not all people with developmental disability have intellectual disability
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What is a disability
absent or diminished ability in one of more areas
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What is a handicap
social construct in which social and environmental factors prevent a person with a disability from making full use of their residual abilities to function independently in society
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What is a carer
parent or other person who provides support and care - ideally a network or >1 carer
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What is Global Developmental Delay (GDD)
- child's milestones are delayed in many areas - physical, tactile, proprioceptive, cognitive and emotional
- delay implies catch up is possible
- labelling is stigmatising
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What is an intellectual handicap
social construct in which social and environmental factors prevent a person with an intellectual handicap from functioning independently in society
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Special needs of the intellectually disabled
- management problems - compliance problems for preventive care and treatment
- increased disease risk - caries, perio, trauma
- coincidental medical problems - epilepsy, cerebral palsy, CHD, GOR
- dentofacial growth and development
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Role of Dental Care team
- prevention of disease
- understanding of current management strategies employed at home/school
- understand some disabilities and dental manifestations and that a medical co-morbidity complicates dental care
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Why do Gastronomy Feeding
- chronic aspiration pnesumonia risk
- poor muscle co-ordination
- low caries risk
- orally defensive
- *gastronomy feeding has a characteristic calculus biuld up, risk of aspiration during treatment
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The diagnosis of autism
- no specific test
- diagnosis of exclusion
- often normal until 24-36 mo
- requires multidisciplinary team evaluation
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clinical features of autism
- communication: slow/not at all, use of words w/o attaching meaning, gestures rather than words, short attention span
- social interaction: alone > others, little interest in friends, less responsive to social cues (smile/eye contact)
- sensory impairment: unusual reaction to physical sensations (over sensi to touch, under sensi to pain), auditory hypersensitivity, sight/hearing/touch/pain/smell/taste can be affected to diff degrees
- play: lack of spontaneous/imaginative play, doesnt imitate others/play pretend games
- behaviours: overactive/very passive, tantrums, focus, apparent lack of common sense, aggressive/violent/self injury, echolalia
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