a/p endocrine 1

• Epithelium
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

• Nervous
• Endocrine

• The endocrine system results may take hours
• The results are longer lasting

• Circulating Hormones: travel through blood
• Local Hormones: Act locally on neighboring cells (after secretion into intersitial fluid)

• Pituitary
• Thyroid
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal
• Pineal

Hypothalmus, Thymus, Pancreas, Gonads, Kidneys, Stomach, Liver, Small intestine, Skin, Heart, Placenta

• Proteins on the surface of the interior or exterior of cells
• May be 2000-10000 receptors on a cell

Only cells that have a receptor can be effected

excess hormones leads to a decrease in receptors

Deficiency of homrone leads to increase in receptors

• Paracrines: Act on neighboring Cells
• Autocrines: Act on the cell that secreted them

• Lipid soluable (need a transport protein to make it water soluable) (Ex: steriods, thyroid hormones)
• Water soluable (blood is mainly water) (Ex: peptide and protein hormones)

• Influence a cells normal activity
• Alter a gene expression of a cell (production of a protein)
• Activate / Deactivate Enzymes
• Change permeabilty of a membrane
• Induce secretory activity

• Insulin at liver: stimulates glycogen synthesis
• Insulin at Adipose Cells: Stimulates triglyceride synthesis (store fat)

• Concentration of hormone
• Quantity of receptors
• Influence of other hormones

• Permissive: Action of a hormone at or on a cell requires cells exporsure to another cell
• Syngergistic: Effect of 2 hormones is greater than the hormones acting alones
• Antagonistic: 2 hormones with oppostie effects

• Chemical changes in the blood
• Other hormones
• signal from nervous system