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a/p endocrine 1
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4 Types of Tissues
Epithelium
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What 2 systems control homeostasis
Nervous
Endocrine
What is the difference (in terms of effects) between the endocrine and nervous system?
The endocrine system results may take hours
The results are longer lasting
What are the two way hormones are transported
Circulating Hormones
: travel through blood
Local Hormones
: Act locally on neighboring cells (after secretion into intersitial fluid)
Name the 5 glands that secrete hormones
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pineal
Name the 11 structures that secrete hormones
Hypothalmus, Thymus, Pancreas, Gonads, Kidneys, Stomach, Liver, Small intestine, Skin, Heart, Placenta
What makes up a Hormone Receptor
Proteins on the surface of the interior or exterior of cells
May be 2000-10000 receptors on a cell
How do hormones effect cells
Only cells that have a receptor can be effected
What is Down-regulation
excess hormones leads to a decrease in receptors
What is up-regulation
Deficiency of homrone leads to increase in receptors
What are the two types of local hormones?
Paracrines
: Act on neighboring Cells
Autocrines
: Act on the cell that secreted them
What are the two types of hormones
Lipid soluable (need a transport protein to make it water soluable) (Ex
: steriods, thyroid hormones)
Water soluable (blood is mainly water) (Ex
: peptide and protein hormones)
What are the 5 mechanisms of hormone action
Influence a cells normal activity
Alter a gene expression of a cell (production of a protein)
Activate / Deactivate Enzymes
Change permeabilty of a membrane
Induce secretory activity
What is an example of how different cells respond different to the same hormone
Insulin at liver
: stimulates glycogen synthesis
Insulin at Adipose Cells
: Stimulates triglyceride synthesis (store fat)
What 3 principals determine cell responsiveness
Concentration of hormone
Quantity of receptors
Influence of other hormones
What are the three types of hormone interactions
Permissive
: Action of a hormone at or on a cell requires cells exporsure to another cell
Syngergistic
: Effect of 2 hormones is greater than the hormones acting alones
Antagonistic
: 2 hormones with oppostie effects
What are the 3 controllers of hormone secretion?
Chemical changes in the blood
Other hormones
signal from nervous system
Author
Anonymous
ID
7282
Card Set
a/p endocrine 1
Description
endocrine system notes
Updated
2010-02-18T16:33:51Z
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