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A shoe which is too stiff at the metatarsophalageal joints can hinder...
The energy savings of the EHL/Close Pack/ Att interplay
- The muscles which function during the magic moment
- Toe strength
- Gastrocnemeus function
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Which of the following is false:
- A) The weight of the shoe affects the hip abductors
- B) The ability of the shoe to absorb shock affects the hip abductors
- C) The hip abductors bring the heel in for a landing
- D) The hip abductors help the opposite swing leg clear the ground
- E) None of the above
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Which of the following is false...
- a) The gastrocnemeus initiates heel off
- b) The ehl is the main muscle responsible for ankle dorsiflexion at initial swing.
- c) The soleus locks the ankle at 90degrees
- d) the hamstrings fire at late swing deceleration phase
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Which features would lead to ankle instability
Frontal plane uncoupling in a running shoe
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Which of the following statements is true:
A) the leg is the are between the ankle and the knee
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Which of the following statements is true:
E) The frontal plane divides anterior and posterior
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Which of the following statements is true?
B) a muscle contraction can involve lengthening of the origin-insertion distance
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Origin: Leg insertion; plantar aspect of the hallux distal phalanx
FHL - Flexor hallucis longus
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orgin: Hell- Insertion; plantar aspect of the proximal phalanges 2, 3,4,5
FDB Flexor digitorum Brevis
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Origin: Tibia- Insertion; Dorsal aspect of Hallux distal phalanx
EHL Extensor Haluccis longus
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Origin: Midtarsal Joint - Insertion dorsal aspect of phalanges 2,3,4,5
EDB Extensor digitorum brevis
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Hinge Joint
- First metatarso-phalangeal joint
- Ankle joint
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Gliding Joint
- Subtalar Joint
- Midtarsal Joint
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Ball and Socket joint
Hip Joint
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Ligament
String that connects bone to bone
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Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
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dorsal aspect of the foot
Laces
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Plantar aspect of the foot
Innersole
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Which of the following is not a function of the snug heel counter?
D) Prevent sagital plane uncoupling
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Medial bone of the leg
Tibia
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Lateral bone of the leg
Fibula
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Long bones which meet the toes
metatarsals
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Bone at the keystone of the medial arch
Navicular
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Bone at the keystone of the lateral arch
Cuboid
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Three small bones at the midtarsal joint
Cuneiforms
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Most tightly locked metatarsal
second metatarsal
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Most loosely locked metatarsal
first metatarsal
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Styloid process
Fifth metatarsals
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Forms a joint with cuboid
Fourth and fifth metatarsal
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Tailor's bunion
Fifth metatarsal
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sesamoids
First Metatarsal
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When the subtalar joint and foot are pronated the heel is
Everted
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What are the three types of internal lasts
- Board Last
- Slip Last
- Combination last
- Strobel Last
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Slip Last Advantages/Disadvantages
Flexibility, lightweight/less stability
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Board Last Advantages/Disadvantages
Stability/Reduced performance, Weight
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Combination last Advantages/Disadvantages
advantages of slip board with fewer disadvantages
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Strobel Last Advantages/Disadvantages
Board Lasted rearfoot, Slip lasted forefoot, covered with stitched on soft cloth
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The first toe should dorsiflex
65 degrees
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What is the name of the most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle?
anterior talofibular ligament
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True/false
Stiff soled running and walking shoes weaken the toes
True
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Which of the two muscles send their tendons down to the midfoot to lock the midtarsal joint at heel off?
posterior tibial and peroneous longus
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The most common shin splint muscle is the
anterior tibial
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True/False
the gastrocnemius and soleus share the same tendon
True
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name three kinds of construction lasts for running and other shoes
Curved, Semi-curved, Straight
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At least nine features which inhibit foot pronation in the modern running shoe were discussed. Name five of these features.
Rigid heel counter; internal last; inside sockliner; foxing; sockliner; overlays/ lacing; construction last; dual density midsole/ Shank stability; varus pitched heel
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T/F
If a muscle starts a motion it cannot slow down or stop the same motion.
F
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Each gait cycle begins with
Heel strike
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The three basic parts of a gait cycle stance phase are
- Heel Contact
- Midstance
- Puch Off
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The difference between running and walking is that walking has a
Double support phase and running doesn't have a double support phase
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Concentric contraction
- Motor
- Origin Insertion distance shortens
- Ankle dorsiflexors just after heel strike
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Eccentric contraction
- Shock absorber
- Origin insertion distance lengthens
- Ankle dorsiflexors just after heel strike
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Fires at heel contact
Peroneous brevis
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Fires at heel off
Peroneous longus
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Stabilizes lateral ankle
peroneous longus and peroneous brevis
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In late stance the main force extending the knee is
Momentum
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Knee flexion at heel off is initiated by
gastrocnemeus
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The determinants of gait are small motions which take place within the gait cycle whose chief advantage is to
Save energy by decreasing the distance the body weight has to be lifted
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When one gait determinant is restricted
The other determinants take over leading to compensatory injury
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The gait determinants take place in
Sagital, frontal and transverse planes
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Running is divided into two main phases called
Contact phase and aerial or flight swing phase
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Which of the following is false?
E) none of the above are false
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Which of the following is true about running impact force?
C) 2 times body weight at heel contact, 3 times body weight at midstance
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The base of gait is the distance between the support or stance phase feet. Which of the following statements is true?
C) Running has a narrower base of gait than walking, this is called runners varis required for balance and energy conservation
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