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microorganisms cause infectious diseases
germ theory of disease
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cells that "remember" a disease
memory b cells
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discovered by allen steere, rash, signs of arthritis, carried on deer tick
lyme disease
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compounds that only kill bacteria without hurting cells of the host
antibiotics
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two types of antibiotics
natural and synthetic
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interfere with cellular processes of pathogens
antibiotics
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substance that triggers an immune response
antigen
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bacteria, virus, protist, allergy
antigen
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produced from plasma cells to fight intruder cells
antibodies
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result of tissue damage
inflammatory response
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what is your bodies second line of defense?
inflammatory response
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fight infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells
immune system
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two types of immune defenses?
specific, non-specific
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what kind of immune defense is like a sniper?
specific
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what kind of immune defense is like a nuclear bomb?
non-specific
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type of non-specific defense that will fight anything foreign
non-discriminating
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what is the most important nonspecific defense?
skin
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series of rules to identify organisms that cause a specific disease
koch's postulates
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koch's first postulate
a pathogen should always by found in the body of a sick organism and not in a healthy one
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koch's second postulate
pathogen must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
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koch's third postulate
pathogens should create the same response if placed in a healthy organism
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koch's fourth postulate
injected pathogen should be isolated from the second host and should be identical to original pathogen
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what's an example of deliberate active immunity?
vaccine
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what happens after phagocytosis of pathogen?
fever
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disease-causing agents
pathogens
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diseases caused by pathogens
infectious diseases
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examples of pathogens
germs, bacteria, virus, etc.
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animal spreading a pathogen person to person
vector
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attacks cancer (genetic diseases) cells and cells infected with viruses
cell-mediated immunity
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cells destroy the pathogen (apoptosis)
killer t
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cells produce memory t cells
helper t
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remember the intruder like memory b cells
memory t cells
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shut down the killer t's after they are finished
supressor t cells
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what are t lymphocytes?
killer t cells, helper t cells, suppressor t cells, and memory t cells
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what does humoral immunity protect?
body fluids
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what do b cells make?
plasma cells and memory b cells
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what does humoral immunity do?
produce plasma cells for antibodies and memory b cells to remember the disease
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what is an example of natural active immunity?
exposure thgough infection
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what is an example of natural passive immunity?
mother to infant through placenta or through breast milk
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what is an example of deliberate passive immunity?
vaccines with antibodies from non-human source-short lived- eventually destroyed
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how are infectious diseases spread?
physical contact, contaminated food or water, infected animals
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what types of cells are associated with humoral immunity?
b cells, memory b cells, plasma cells
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what types of cells are associated with cell mediated immunity?
all the types of t cells
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which types of pathogens are treatable with antibiotics?
bacteria
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inhibit viral protein synthesis and viral replication to slow down infection and buy time for specific defense
interferons
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which types of pathogens are treatable with interferons?
viruses
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the body's main defense against pathogens
immune system
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preventing pathogens from entering the body
non-specific defense
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destroying harmful pathogens that enter the body
specific defense
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breaks down cell walls (bursts cells)
lysosyme
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what is the job of the body's first line of defense?
keep pathogens out of body
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what are the components of the body's first line of defense?
skin, mucus, sweat, and tears
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what is the enzyme that body secretions contain that kill bacteria?
lysozyme
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what are white blood cells called that engulf and destroy bacteria?
phagocytes
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protein that helps destroy pathogens
antibody
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what is due to antigens and lasts for life?
active immunity
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what is due to antibiotics and lasts for a short time?
passive immunity
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injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity
vaccination
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elevated body temperature that occurs in response to infection
fever
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what do modern vaccines stimulate the body to produce?
millions of plasma cells ready to produce specific types of antibodies
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why is a fever beneficial to a person with an infection?
many pathogens can survive only within a narrow temperature range
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an example of an insect vector
mosquito, deer tick
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types of diseases caused by viruses?
common cold, flu, smallpox, warts
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tiny particles that invade, take over, and replicate in living cells (RNA/DNA)
viruses
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what is the strategy of bacteria?
breakdown tissues for food, release harmful toxins
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when does active immunity appear?
after exposure to an antigen
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the type of immunity produced by the body's reaction to a vaccine
active immunity
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how are antiviral drugs used to fight viral infections?
generally inhibit the ability of viruses to invade cells and to multiply once inside of cells
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short-term immunity caused when antibodies produced by other animals for a pathogen are injected into the body
passive immunity
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relationship between antigens and antibodies?
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