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Glycogen(polysaccharide)
- Has many side branches consisting of chains of glucose molecules. Does not dissolve in water or other body fluids
- Muscles cells make and store glycogen
- Storage of glucose
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Carbohydrates
(C,H,O in some cases N)
CHO in a 1:2:1 ratio
- Sources: Obtained from the diet or manufactured in the body
- Functions: Energy source
- Some structural role when attached to lipids or proteins
- Energy storage
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Lipids
(C,H,O in some cases N or P)
CHO not in 1:2:1 ratio
- Sources: Obtained from diet or manufactured in the body
- Functions: Energy source
- Energy storage
- Insulation
- Structural components
- Chemical messengers
- Protection
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Proteins
(C,H,O,N commonly S)
- Sources: 20 common amino acids; roughly half can be manufactured in the body, others must be obtained from diet
- Functions: Catalysts for metabolic reactions
- Structural components
- Movement
- Transport
- Buffers
- Defense
- Control and coordination of activites
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Nucleic Acids
(C,H,O,N and P; nucleotides composed of phosphates, sugars and nitogenous bases)
- Sources: Obtained from the diet or manufactured in the body
- Function: Storage and processing of genetic information
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ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate)
Adenine-Ribose-(3)-Phosphates
Energy in the bonds of the Phosphates molecules
- Summary: Glycolysis(cytoplasm of cell) makes 2 ATP
- Kreb Cycle(mitochondria) make 2 ATP
- Electron Transport Chain(mitocondria) makes 32 ATP
- Total of 36 ATP made for cellular use
- Uses: Active transport-provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane
- Endocytosis-importing of large volumes of extracellular material (receptor-mediated, pinocytosis[cell drinking], and phagocytosis[cell eating]
- Muscle contraction-myosin head movement
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