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What defends the body against injury, particularly from foreign substances such as microorganisms
immune response
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foreign substances against which the immune system defends the body;mainly proteins;often microogranisms and their toxins
antigens
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occurs as a result of part of an individuals own body becomes antigens
autoimmune disease
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what are the cells involved in the immune response?
- B lymphocytes - Eosinophils
- T lymphocytes- Mast Cells
- Macrophages- Natural Killer Cells
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The first WBC involved in immune response; they are recognized/respond to antigens; NK cell-viral infections
lymphocytes
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from stem cells in bone marrow; they mature in lymphatic tissue
B lymphocytes
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what are the two types of b lymphocytes
plasma cells, t-lymphocytes
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produces specific antibody needed to fight the antigen
plasma cell
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antibody combines with antigen
immune complex
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renders the antigen inactive
antigen-antibody complex
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lab test to determine the level of a specific antibody in the blood
antibody titer
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2nd type of B lymphocyte;retains the memory of previously encountered antigen and the duplicates
b memory cell
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increase the functioning of B lymphoctures and enhances the antibody response
t-helper cells
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suppress the functioning of the b lymphocytes and T-killer cells that are active in surveillance against virally infected cells or tumor cells
t-suppressor cells
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Types of lymphokines
interleukins, lymphotoxin, interferon
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stimulates WBC's population growth
interleukins
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destruction of fibroblasts
lymphotoxin
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antiviral activities
interferon
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phagocytosis; link between the inflammation and immune repsonses; can act as antigen-presenting cells
macrophages
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divisions of immune response
humoral response, cell-mediated immune response (CMI)
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involves the production of antibodies
humoral response
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t lymphocytes and macrophages
CMI
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an increased responsiveness that results from the retained memory of an already enountered antigen
immunity
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two types of immunity
passive, active
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can occour naturally or can be acquired ; via vaccination
active immunity
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using antibodies prodcued by another person to protect an individual from infectious disease; antibody from another passes through the placenta to a developing fetus;bone marrow transplant
passive immunity
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the study of immune reactions involoved in disease
immunopathology
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allergic reactions with exaggereated responses and tissue destruction
hypersensitivity
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type of immunopathologic condition that involves a deficiency in number, function, or interrelationships of the involved WBC;s and their products
immunodeficiency
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canker s ores or aphthous stomatitis
aphthous ulcers
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"hives" apperas as multiple areas of well demarcated swellings associated with itching; caused by localized areas of vascular permability in superficial CT beneath epithelium
urticaria
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diffuse swelling of tissues caused by permeability of deeper blood vessels but no itching
angiodema
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mucosa becomes erythematous/edematous accompained by burning/itching
mucositis
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erythematous, swelled and becomes encrusted with scaly, white epidermis
dermatitis
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most severe form of erythema multiforme
Stevens Johnson syndrome
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characterized by intraepithelial blister formation that results from breakdown of the cellular adhesion between epithelial cells
Acantholysis
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when kidneys and liver become involved
miliary TB
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involvement of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes-swelled
scrofula
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skin test to determine if person has been exposed/infected
mantoux test
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infection caused by filamentous bacterium
Actinomyces israelii
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the colonies or organisms appear in the pus as tiny bright yellow grains
sulfur granules
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soft tissue flap covering partial eruption
operculum
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when lesions becomes RO
chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis
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white lesion that does not wipe off
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
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erythema/fissuring at labial commissures;nutritional deficency as well
angular chelitis
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severe form occuring in patients who are severely HIV;chronic oral and genital mucosal candidiasis
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
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highly contagious disease causing vesicular/pustular eruptions of the skin/mucous membrane
chicken pox
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unilateral, painful eruption of vesicles along the distribution of a sensory nerve
herpes zoster
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vesicles appear on the soft palate
herpangina
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highly contagious disease-for paramyxovirus
measles
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small erythematous macules with white necrotic centers
kopliks spots
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viral infection of parotid gland-paramyxovirus
mumps
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sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, malaise, fatigue; palatal petechiae. "kissing disease"
mono
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irregular, corrugated, white lesion most commonly occuring on lateral border of the tongue
Hairy Leukoplakia
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abnormal pathologic sac or cavity lined by epithelium and enclosed in a CT capsule
cyst
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related to tooth development
odontogenic
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not related to tooth development
nonodontogenic
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cyts occuring within the bone
intraosseous cysts
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cysts that occur in soft tissue
extraosseous cysts
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forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth
follicular cyst
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in soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth
eruption cyst
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when lesion is filled with blood
eruption hematoma
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develops in place of a tooth
primordial cyst
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unique histologic apperance that frequently recures
odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)
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most often seen in mandibular cuspid/premolar area
LPC
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located in soft tissue adjacent to LPC
GC
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located within the nasopalatine canal
nasopalatine duct cyst
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well defined unilocular (RL) located in midline of hard palate
medial palatine cyst
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well defined pear shaped (RL) formed between the roots of maxillary lateral incisor/canine
globulmaxillary cyst
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rare lesion, located in midline of mandible
median mandibular cyst
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soft tissue cyst with no alveolar bone involvement
nasolabial cyst
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raised nodule in the skin of face or neck
epidermal cyst
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developmental cyst often present at bith or noted in young children
dermoid
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resembles a dermoid cyst but teeth, bone, muscle, and nerve tissue may be found in wall of the lesion
b.c.t.
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most commonly found in the major salivary glands
lymphoepithelial cyst
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"stafne's bone cyst" ; well defined in posterior region of mandible
static bone cyst
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form foramen caecum to thyroid gland below hyoid
thyroglossal tract cyst
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"traumatic bone cyst"; well defined around the roots of the teeth
simple bone cyst
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"vascular lesion" pseudocyst of blood filled spaces
aneurysmal bone cyst
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congenital lack of teeth
anodontia
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lack of one or more teeth
hypodontia
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extra teeth
supernumerary teeth
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located to the distal of 3rd molar
distomolar
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smaller than normal
microdontia
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larger than normal
macrodontia
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usually more common with one tooth 0 max. lateral
peg lateral
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enlargement of half the head with enlargement of the teeth on that side
facial hemihypertrophy
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single tooth tries to divide itself
gemination
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union of two seperate teeth
fusion
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two adjacent teeth are united by cementum
concrescence
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abnormal curve or angle in the root
dilaceration
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small spherical nodule of enamel located in trifurcation area
enamel pearl
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accessory cusp located in the area of the cingulum
talon cusp
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"bull teeth" long pulp chamber and short roots
taurodontism
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enamel invaginates into the crown of a tooth
dens in dente
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incomplete or defective formation of enamel
enamel hypoplasia
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inherited enamel hypoplasia
amelogenesis imperfecta
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enamel doesnt motive and calcify-chalky, white
enamel hypocalcification
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endogenous or intrinsic staining
tetracycline staining
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"ghost teeth" very thin enamel,extremelt large pulp chambers, extraction
regional odontodysplasia
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cant erupt due to physical obstruction
impacted teeth
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no eruption forces allowing eruption
embedded teeth
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"ankylosis" ; 1st teeth in which bone has fused to roots
ankylosed teeth
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