Lander Western Civ Test 2

-Louis XIII's wife
-Louis XIV's mother
-His dowager and regent
-Spanish Habsburg in descent

-Capital of Brandenburg, Prussia
-Site of Hohenzollern dynasty

-French Dynasty

-Henry IV (of Navarre) - 1610
-Louis XIII
-Louis XIV

-Site of Hohenzollern dynasty
-Capital: Berlin, Prussia

-Protestant
-Victim of French Cristian religious intolerance
-He died tortured on the wheel, while still very firmly claiming his innocence. -Voltaire began a campaign to get Calas' sentence overturned.
-On 9 March 1765, Jean Calas was found not guilty.

-Voltaire's most famous literary work
-Fictious satire on philosophical optimism and the human condition

-Famous comptroller-general for Louis XIV
-He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy.
-Mercantilism

-God as master-artificer or master-mechanic
-Created nature as subject to ration inquiry
-Human virtue should be sought for external reward after death
-Voltaire touted this

-Editor-in-chief of The Encyclopedia (the 1st of its kind)

-written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French)
-locates the cause of war, crime, inequality in the institution of private property

-Voltaire's motto:
-"crush the infamous thing"
-refers to abuses to the people by royalty and the clergy that Voltaire saw around him, and the superstition and intolerance that the clergy bred within the people.

-Rousseau
-half-novel, half-education treatise
-characters: the boy and his teacher (Rousseau)
-experiential education
-are there limitations to Rousseau's suggest overhauls of primary education?

-John Locke (scientist - philosopher)
-a book in the human psychology; at birth the mind is a "blank slate" without innate or inborn ideas

-general who fough against French to get back at those who snubbed him in France
-Fought in the War of Spanish Succession

-3rd in Hohenzollern rule (Brandenburg)
-tried to live up to pop
-micro manager Kabinett system
-Ein Plus machen - Make a surplus
-militarization - Tall Fellows

-"the Great"
-last in line of 4
-sickly as a boy - didn't get along with pop (FWI)
-enlightened, yet a soldier genius
-warmonger
-religious tolerance for all, except Jews
-legal reforms
-bipolar reign: enlightened/"progressive" vs. self-interested/aggressive

-slingshot
-failed aristocratic revolt against the young king

-civil governmental super-agency
-militarization of Prussia

-2 branches: Austrian and Spanich
-champions of the Catholic faith
-lots of "possessions," but no common bond between them
-head of Austrian branch = Holy roman Emperor

-Henry of Navarre (first Bourbon)
-converted to Catholicism frmo Protestant (good move)
-Edict of Nantes (tolleration for Huguenots)

-Prussian dynasty
-based in Berlin, Brandenburg
-FW (III) (the Great Elector)
-FI
-FWI
-FII (the Great)

-French Protestants (minority)
-either from hugues Besancon or from Eidgenossen (Confederates)

-French local agents
-part of LXIV's organs of central government
-transferred regularly (not home-steading)

-Bishop Cornelius Jansen
-predestination
-pitted against the Jesuits and LXIV
-condemned by Pope and LXIV

-the aristocracy/nobility in Brandenburg
-controlled the Prussian Army

-micro managing system of FWI
-all decision came to the king's "kabinett

-Francois Quesnay
-Physiocrats - dimished governmental interference

-one of FII's (the Great) domestic reforms
-gave loans to large land owners

-1st Habsburg ruler
-problems with Hungarians
-problems with LXIV
-problems with Ottoman Turks

-father and son
-war ministers under LXIV

-boy king
-LXIV's pop
-mom (regent): Marie de Medici
-wife: Anne of Austria (Spanish Habsburg)
-Richelieu

-wife of LXIII (Italian)
-mother of LXIV (dowager and regent)

-chief rolal minister to LXIV as a young boy

-LXIV
-goals of self-sufficiency and specie-filled treasury
-all about the nation being self-sufficient

-Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu
-The Persian Letters - satire of European customs
-The Spirit of the Laws - Pol Sci indebted to the methodology of natural science

-3rd war of LXIV
-calle King William's War (WoO) in North America
-France vs. League of Augsburg/Grand Alliance
-France receives Alsace

-unlike English singular, French multiple
-regional high courts
-potential origins of French aristocracy/nobility

-anti-mercantilism
-land and its produce = best indicators of a country's wealth
-laisser faire, laisser passer
-Quesnay

-Jansenist school
-closed by LXIV with Jesuit influence

-prominent Physiocrat
-proponent of economics as a social science

-LXIII's chief royal minister
-raison d'etat (do anything for the State)
-disliked the Huguenots
-personally commands the royal army

-book by John Locke
-Pol Sci book that argues for limited monarchical government
-anti-divine right / descending theory

-second war of FII
-French and Indian War
-FII preemptively invades Saxony
-Prussia (and G.B.) vs. Austrian Habsburgs, France, Russia & others
-Russia (Peter) pulls out, saving Prussia from defeat

-FII invades without warning
-begins War of Austrian Succession
-King George's War
-Prussia (and France) vs. Austrian Habsburgs and G.B.

-Adam Smith (enlightenment)
-Scottish
-like Physiocrats
-free-market capitalism
-The Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

-LXIV after he struck out on his own (Mazarin dies)
-"the Grand Monarch"

-FWI’s tall grenadiers; paraded as a symbol of his strong army

-Rousseau
-political society requires submission of individual wills to the general will
-an individual may be “forced” to be free
-love of country and civic region should be encouraged

-Military Engineer under LXIV

-LXIV moved the power and the court here (expanded it)

-FII’s first dance
-he invaded Silesia without warning
-King George’s War
-Prussia and France vs. Austrian Habsburgs and G. B.

-LXIV reneges on Spanish succession treaty
-France and Spain vs. Austrian Habsburgs, G. B., Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia, other German states
-Queen Anne’s War
-bloodiest battle: Malplaquet

Results:
-Philip – King of Spain
-French and Spanish crowns separate
-split of lands

Understand the ascending and descending theories of government in early-modern France, Britain, and Prussia.

-un roi, une loi, une foi