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RAO Sternum
(10x12)ud
Patient rotated 15 - 20 on right side, erect preferred.
CR - perp. to level of T7 entering 1" medial to midsagittal plane on elevated side.
Slow breathing to blur lung markings, or suspend on full expiration.
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Lateral Sternum
(10x12)ud, 180 cm SID
Pt erect preferred, hands and arms behind back and out of the way.
CR - perp. to lateral border of midsternum.
Suspend on full inspiration.
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AP Upper Ribs
(14x17)lr - bilateral
Ribs 1-10 are shown.
Shoulders rotated forward and back of hands on hips. Midcoronal plane parallel to IR. Erect preferred.
CR - perp. to T7 (bilateral) - halfway between lateral border and midsagittal plane (unilateral).
Suspend on full inspiration to lower diaphragm.
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AP Lower Ribs
(14x17)lr - bilateral
Ribs 8-12 are shown.
Pt. arms above head or abducted. Supine preferred.
CR - level of T10 (bilateral) - between lateral border and midsagittal plane (unilateral).
Suspend on full expiration.
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POV Upper Ribs
(10x12)ud - unilateral
Pt. rotated 45 on affected side. Erect preferred. Ribs 1-10 shown.
CR - perp. to T7. IR top 1.5" above relaxed shoulders, center to IR.
Suspend on full inspiration.
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POV Lower Ribs
(10x12)ud - unilateral
Pt. rotated 45 on affected side. Recumbent recommended. Ribs 8 - 12 shown.
CR - perp. to T10. IR bottom at crest, center to IR
Suspend on full expiration.
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AP C-Spine Open Mouth
(8x10)ud
Pt. erect. Adjust head so that mastiod tip and upper inscisors form a line perp to IR.
CR - perp. to open mouth.
Respiration suspended. Line up system and collimate first.
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AP C-Spine
(8x10)ud
C3 - T2 shown.
Pt. erect. Ask pt. to lift head slightly.
CR - 15-20 cephalad through C4.
Suspended respiration.
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POV C-Spine
(8x10)ud
C3 - T1 shown.
Pt. erect, 45 onto unaffected side, looking straight ahead.
CR - 15 to 20 cephalad through C4.
Suspended respiration.
72" SID could be used.
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AOV C-Spine
(8x10)ud
C3 - T1 shown.
Pt. Erect, 45 onto affected side, looking straight ahead.
CR - 15-20 caudad through C4.
Suspended Respiration.
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Lateral C-Spine
(8x10)ud
C1 - C7 shown.
Pt. erect. mid coronal parallel to IR. Elevate chin.
CR - perp. to C4.
Suspend on full expiration to depress shoulders.
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Lateral Cervicothoracic (Swimmers/Twinning)
(10x12)ud
SID 180cm. Done in conjunction with laterals to see C7-T3.
Pt erect, midcoronal parallel to cassette. Arm close to IR raised, shoulder posterior. Arm away is lowered, anterior. No rotation of spine.
CR - perp. to C7 - T1. or 3-5 caudad if shoulders not well depressed.
Suspended respiration.
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AP T-Spine (Supine)
(14x17)ud
Pt. supine. Legs flexed. Include all thoracic vertebrae.
CR - T7
Suspend on expiration or inspiration.
AHE or filter can be used for uniform density.
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Left Lateral T-Spine (Recumbent)
(14x17)ud
Pt. recumbent. Knees and hips flexed, arms out of the way. Spine horizontal. Left lateral usually done to minimize heart shadow.
Include T2 - T12.
CR - T7 through posterior half of thorax. Can angle tube cephalad if spine not horizontal (10-m, 15-w).
Quiet respiration.
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AP L-Spine (Supine)
(14x17)ud
Pt. supine. Flex knees. No rotation of pelvis. Arms comfortable out of the way.
CR - L3 (1.5" above crest) for Lumbar region. L4 (crest) for lumbosacral region.
Include T12/L1 and L5/S1 articulations.
Suspended on expiration.
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POV L-Spine (semi -supine)
(14x17)ud
Pt. semi-supine. Arm across chest and leg flexed. Generally 45 angle. 60 for L5-S1. 30 for L1-L3. Spine straight.
CR - Level of L3 and 2" medial to elevated ASIS
Suspended respiration.
Dog's nose points to side of interest.
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AOV L-Spine (semi-supine)
(14x17)ud
Pt. semi-supine. Arm across chest and leg flexed. angled 45. 30 for L1-L3. 60 for L5-S1.
CR - at level of L3 and 2" lateral to spinous processes.
Suspended respiration.
Dog's nose points to side of interest.
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Lateral L-Spine (Recumbent)
(14x17)ud
Pt. lateral recumbent. Flex knees and elbows.
CR - L4, posterior thorax. Can angle caudad if spine not parallel. (5-M, 8-W)
Suspended on expiration.
Lead strip behind pt.
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Lateral L5-S1 Spot
(8x10)ud
CR - perp to point 2" posterior to ASIS and 1.5" inferior to crest.
can angle like L-spine lateral if spine not horizontal.
lead strip behind pt.
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AP Axial SI Joints
(8x10 or 10x12)lr
Pt. supine. ASIS equidistant to IR.
CR - 30-35 cephalad entering 1.5" superior to Symphysis Pubis.
No light past ASIS. Shield males.
Suspended repiration.
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POV SI Joints
(8x10)ud
Pt. semi supine, elevate affected side 25-30. Mark side up.
CR - perp to point 1" medial from elevated ASIS.
Suspended respiration.
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AP Axial Sacrum
(10x12)ud
Pt. supine. ASIS's equidistant from table.
CR - 15 cephalad entering a point 2" superior to Symphysis Pubis.
Suspended respiration.
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Lateral Sacrum
(10x12)ud
Pt. lateral recumbent. Knees flexed
CR - perp to a point 3.5" posterior to ASIS
Lead strip behind pt.
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AP Axial Coccyx
(8x10)ud
Pt. supine. ASIS equidistant to table.
CR - 10 caudad entering 2" superior to Symphysis Pubis.
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Lateral Coccyx
(8x10)ud
Pt. lateral recumbent. Knees flexed and elbows bent.
CR - perp to a point 3.5" posterior and 2" inferior to ASIS
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