Socrates undertakes to show that he must believe in gods of some sort. Socrates proves if he beleives in Super-natural beings they are children of gods, thus he must beleive in gods.
Socrates learns from the oracle that he is the wisest and sought out and questioned Athenian men. He learns that these men are wise but no nothinh about anything.
Socrates claims he doesn't mean to cause harm to kids if he is and then ask Socrates to stop, rather than punish him
Socrates verdict
Guilty
Socrates suggested punishment
On a more serious note, he rejects prison and exile, offering perhaps instead to pay a fine.
Jury sentences him to death
True or False
True
Prosecutor suggested pentaly is jail.
True or False
False Death
Why is Thrasymachus angry at Socrates?
Socrates does not give a defintion of justice and just counters everyones arguements
Thrasymachus demands in exchange of his defintion for justice is payment and recogized by Socrates.
True or False
True
Thrasymachus' defintion of justice
Justice is the advantage for the stronger.Thrasymachus
assumes here that justice is the unnatural restraint on our natural desire to have more. Justice is a convention imposed on us, and it does not benefit us to adhere to it. The rational thing to do is ignore justice entirely.
How does Socrates refute Thrasymacus' defintion?
Socrates' says that Thrasymachus' makes imjustice as virtue.
Socrates claims that in order to get something a person still needs to be just
Justice is good for the soul.
What is the theory of the forms?
Understanding the universe currently as we see an idea. We see the essence of something.
Thrasymachus' use of the Shepherd.
He uses the shepherd to show that the only reason the shepherd takes care of the sheep is for his own good. Socrates responds by saying when someone is doing a service he is changing is occupation from protector to butcher.
What approach does Socrates use to define justice.
He attempts to find it in the city and after you can find big scale justice, small scale justice is similar.
Esstenial elements in Plato's Republic. 3
Personal freedom is not valued.
The good of the state overrides all other considerations.
people are sorted into these classes with no thought to their preferences.
How are classes determined
Classes are made by nature. A person is born into one class or another.
Plato's defintion of justice in the city.
4 virtues
Wisdom: Knowing what is best
Couarge: Knowing what is to be feared
Temperance: Knowing who should be in charge
Justice: All three virtues in place gets this
Plato's defintion of justice in the soul
4 virtues
Reason: wisdom
Spiritedness: Courage
Temperance: appetite
Justice: reason rules over all other virtues
Waves that threaten Plato's city. 3
Private Property
role of women and children
philsopher king
Role of women in Plato's city
If a woman is skilled she has the right to be a ruler. If born a guardian, she rules over warriors and producers, but she cannot be stronger than male guardians. Women are weaker than some men.
Role of Property in Plato's city
No private property. Everything belongs to everyone. Our house, our wife, our children. Fight for city, not indivdual things.
Why should philosophers be kings?
Philosophers are the ones who have access to the forms and be fully just to make best decisions for city. Allegory in Cave.
Plato's feeling about democracy
Democracy is made to look good but makes indivdiual freedom above all. Wrong men gain power in this system and expoit it.
Effect of democracy on the person's soul
Ruled by unnesscary desires. All pleasure are equal and goes in the direction of the most appealing desire. No order in his life.
Highest goal is success.
True or False
False Happiness
Discovering the highest goal is finding what your aiming for.
True or False
True
How does one acheive their highest goal?
A persom aims for the happiness and completes other smaller goals to reach happiness.
What is virtue?
Obeying the law. Intellectual by instruction and moral by habit. Virtue can be courage. Balancing between not doing too much and not enough.
How to be virtuous? 3
Know to behave the right way
Choose to behave right to become virtuous
behavior becomes fixed in person
How to deveolp proper habits?
Compelled by nature to do so.
What is the significance of the natural for politics?
The city is natural and people natural form cities. Something that happens naturually.
Is slavery natural?
Yes, Aristole claims that at least one person is born to be in charge. There are other people at least one person born to be a slave. There is a middle catergory of people who can become rulers or slaves even if they are not naturally born that way.
Citzenship defines for the person their relationship to the society. The city is the thing and the people inside the city are less important.
True or False
True
Aristole says that there are natural things we need in life, like food and shelter. Forming cities is also natural.
True or false
True
Are good citizen and good person same?
One is a good citizen to the extent to which one upholds and honors the constitution. Because there are different kinds of constitutions there
are also different kinds of good citizens. Perfect virtue, however, is the only standard for being a good man, so it is possible to be a good citizen without being a good man.
What is a citizen?
Someone who shares in the administration of justice and the holding of public office.
Types of governments 6
Monarchy
Tyrannny
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Polity
Democracy
Best type of govenment is democracy because evyone is free to vote and make decisions for their society.
True or false
False Monarchy because decisions are made fast while making some people happy, but takes the welfare of the state in account when making decisions.
Worst type of govenment is tyranny.
True or false
True
Ways to prevent revolution 3
( Aristotle is not in favor of revolutions.)
Large middle class- Middle class won't overthrow rich; they hope to become rich. The poor class won't overthrow middle class; they hope to become middle class.
Enforce laws esp. small ones- Keep people obedience and pressure small laws so they won't revolt.
Don't mislead people- People hate liers they want open and clarity.
