-
Ringworm is:
A fungal infection caused by dermatophytes
-
Tinea pedis:
can cause itching and cracking between the toes and is commonly known as Athlete's Foot
-
If a patient were complaining of itching of the scalp, pus-filled lesions on the scalp, and bald patches, you could conclude that the patient has:
Tinea capitis
-
How can ringworm be prevented?
keep the skin clean and dry; good hygiene, such as regular hand washing; avoid sharing towels, hats, clothinng, and other personal items with infected individuals
-
Microscopic organisms that live off the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails are:
dermatophytes
-
Hantavirus belongs to which family?
Bunyaviridae
-
Hantavirus contains which type of genetic material?
three segments of RNA
-
Hantavirus is spread via:
rodent saliva, urine, and feces
-
Hantavirus Pulmonary Disease has which diagnostic symptom?
difficulty breathing
-
Hantavirus Pulmonary Disease has roughly what mortality rate?
one third (1/3)
-
How many children will be infected with RSV by the age of 2?
almost all children will be infected by age 2
-
RSV is:
the number one cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year of age
-
RSV is transmitted by which of the following?
direct and indirect contact and droplet
-
The most common symptoms of RSV are:
fever, runny nose, cough, and decreased appetite
-
The best prevention method for RSV is:
frequent hand washing
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is:
a non-motile rod-shaped bacterium; an obligate aerobe; an acid-fast bacteria; and a faculatative intracellular parasite
-
The signs and symptoms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) are all of the above except:
bloody diarrhea
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) spreads when a person with the untreated disease?
speaks, coughs, and sneezes
-
People who have a higher risk of getting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) are?
healthcare workers in close contact with an active TB patient
-
Whooping cough was named by:
Thomas Sydenham
-
Whooping cough is caused by:
Bordetella pertussis
-
The scientists who developed the first vaccine against Whooping cough are:
Jules Bordet and Octacve Gengou
-
Bordetella pertussis, the bacterium that causes Whooping cough is gram negative or gram positive?
gram negative
-
All of the following statements are true about Pertussis, except:
Pertussis is an epidemic disease in the US (it is endemic)
-
What is the causative agent of the STD, Trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
-
Men frequently develop which of the following symptoms of Trichomoniasis?
none
-
Trichomoniasis is transmitted by which of the following?
direct or indirect contact
-
What is the best method of prevention for Trichomoniasis?
Abstinence
-
Women most commonly mistake Trichomoniasis for a ___.
yeast infection
-
The rubella virus is?
one serotype and has an envelop and the rubella virus is non-segmented
-
What are the symptoms of rubella?
red or pink rash; runny nose; headaches; and joint pain
-
What is the blood test that is done to determine if you have rubella or if you have had the vaccine?
the number of AB to determine if you have rubella now or in the past or if you have had the vaccine
-
What are the problems that are caused by CRS (Congenital Rubella Syndrome)?
hearing and vision loss; neurological problems; and congenital heart defects
-
What is true about the rubella virus?
it is more common in the spring months in the northern hemisphere
-
What childhood virus puts you at risk for shingles?
chickenpox
-
The shingles vaccine, Zostavax, is for people of what age?
over the age of 60
-
A person with shingles:
can give another person chickenpox and is highly contagious
-
Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) occurs in what percentage of people over the age of 60?
50%
-
The causative agent of shingles is:
chickenpox and Varicella-Zoster virus
-
Clostridium difficile is what kind of bacteria?
an anaerobic bacillus
-
The main symptom of Clostridium difficile is:
watery diarrhea
-
Clostridium difficile is diagnosed by:
a stool culture
-
After being diagnosed with a mild case of Clostridium difficile, doctors will begin treatment with:
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
-
To prevent the spread of Clostridium difficile after caring for an infected patient, you should:
wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after disposing of your protective gloves and gown
-
MRSA stands for___?
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
-
MRSA is spread by:
contact
-
What is the single most important measure for preventing the spread of MRSA?
hand washing
-
How is MRSA most commonly diagnosed?
culture
-
What is a common symptom of an MRSA infection?
a red, swollen pimple or boil
-
What does HA-MRSA stand for?
Hospital Acquired - Methicillin S. aureus; Hospital Acquired - Multidrug resistant S. aureus; Healthcare associated Methicillin S. aureus; and Healthcare associated Multidrug resistant S. aureus
-
When was HA-MRSA first discovered?
1961
-
Where can you contract HA-MRSA?
a healthcare facility
-
HA-MRSA can be transmitted by direct contact. Which one of these would be direct contact? intravenous catheter; contaminated medical equipment; someone coughing; inanimate objects; or none of the above?
intravenous catheter
-
Which test can be used to diagnose HA-MRSA?
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
-
Pinworms that affect humans only are:
Enterobius Vermicularis
-
How are pinworms transmitted?
direct contact; exposure to eggs; and contamination of bedding, clothes, etc.
-
Pinworms are most common in whom?
children
-
The most common symptoms of pinworms are:
Pruritus ani
-
What does retroinfection mean?
larvae hatch and migrate back inside the anus
-
What is the number one line of defense to avoid getting tapeworm?
thoroughly cook meats and freshwater fish
-
The anatomy of a tapeworm consists of all parts except:
brain (worm has a head - scolex, body system, and proglottids)
-
The head of the tapeworm may be called:
scolex
-
Where do most tapeworms live in the human body?
intestinal tract
-
How do tapeworms exit the human body?
in feces
-
The term "peridontal" means:
around the tooth
-
What is the primary cause of peridontal disease?
plaque
-
What microbe is known to be the main culprit for peridontal disease?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
-
Which of the following diseases is possibloy linked with peridontal disease?
cardiovascular disease
-
Who said, "A person can't have good general health without good oral health"?
Former US Surgeon General C. Everett Koop
-
E. coli 0157:H7 is what morphology of bacteria?
gram negative bacillus
-
Common symptoms of E. coli:
usually begin 3-4 days after exposure; usually subside in a week in adults; can include nausea and vomiting; and can include watery or bloody diarrhea
-
E. coli is normally tested with:
laboratory testing of stool sample
-
Risk factors for E. coli include:
weakened immune system and eating undercooked hamburger
-
How is E. coli transmitted?
person to person; contaminated water source; fresh produce, and at petting zoos
-
Baby, baby, baby! To the dismay of 13 yr old girls across the world, Justin Bieber is suddenly infected with Ebola! What are his symptoms?
Fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and possible internal and external bleeding
-
The Rock is starring in a blockbuster action movie where he plays a former Marine-turned doctor who is hired by WHO to lead a group of fierce, yet compassionate, mercinaries in a search to find the natural reservoir for the most deadly strain of Ebole. Which strain is he searching for?
Ebole Zaire
-
Our favorite lab teacher, Mrs. Whitmire, is from the Philippines. Which strain of Ebole is she most likely to have?
Ebola Reston
-
The Ebola virus is also commonly known as EHF. What does EHF stand for?
Ebola Hemorrhagic fever
-
On his recent crazed hiatus from "Two-AND-A-HALF-MEN," Charlie Sheen travels to Africa for some R&R. While there, he contracts Ebola. Which of the following is why?
he comes in direct contact with infected animals; he received it as a nosocomial infection; he received it via person to person contact
-
Dental Caries is caused by:
gram positive Streptococcus mutans
-
What structure of the S. mutans allows it to attach to the tooth surface?
glycocalyx
-
What are the 3 factors that contribute to the formation of dental caries?
Streptococcus mutans, dextran, and Actinomycetes
-
Which of the following is not considered part of the restoritive treatment for dental caries?
implant
-
Which of the following statements is true about dental caries? It is an epidemic disease; it si an endemic disease; it can become a systemic infection; it can cause death; or all of the above.
all of the above
-
What is the causative agent for CJD?
prion
-
What is the cure for CJD?
none
-
How many cases of CJD are there worldwide each year?
1/1,000,000
-
What is the main CJD type?
sporadic
-
Who is most at risk to contract CJD?
healthcare workers in contact with a CJD patient
-
The bacteria responsible for Tetanus is:
Clostridium tetani
-
What is the exotoxin that is responsible for the symptoms of Tetanus?
tetanopasmin
-
Which type of Tetanus involves infants?
neonatal
-
Clostridium tetani is:
rod-shaped anaerobic endospore-forming gram positive bacteria
-
All of the following are examples of treatment for Tetanus except: ritual dancing; antibiotics; Tentanus immune globulin; antitoxin; and/or bed rest?
ritual dancing
-
How often do you need a booster for Tetanus?
every ten years
-
What type of "bug" is Pneumococcal Meningitis:
bacterial
-
What is the causative agent of Pneumococcal Meningitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
Pneumococcal Meningitis causes swelling and inflammation where?
spinal cord & brain
-
What is a sign or symptom of meningitis?
altered mental status, photophobia, and nausea
-
How many vaccinations, if any, work for Pneumoncoccal Meningitis?
Two
-
Scarlet Fever is caused by what?
bacteria and droplet transmission
-
Who is the most likely to contract Scarlet Fever? African-American child; African-American Adult; Caucasian child; and/or Asian Adult?
African-American Child & Caucasian Child
-
Streptococcus pyogenes is gram negative or gram positive:
a gram positive bacteria
-
Just given the bacteria name, Streptococcus pyogenes, what can you say about the morphology?
round chains
-
What is Scarlet Fever?
an acute childhood disease
-
In March - April of 2009, over _____ cases of Swine Flu were detected in Mexico?
1,000
-
What is not a symptom of Swine Flu: body aches; runny nose; pink eye; and/or cough?
Pink eye
-
Swine flu spreads from person to person through coughing or sneezing. What best describes this?
droplet transmission
-
What are the golden arches?
the area in the back of the throat where nurse gather samples to do rapid flu test (also called glossopalatine arches)
-
Can you get Swine Flu from eating pork?
NO
-
The symptoms of Avian Influenza (H5N1) include all of the following except: fever; muscle aches; hiccups; sore throat; and/or cough?
Hiccups
-
Avain Flu can be diagnosed through:
samples from the nose or throat
-
Avian Flu can be transmitted to humans by:
contact with infected birds and contact with surfaces contaminated by the droppings of infected birds
-
The first documanted human case of Avian Flu occurred in:
Hong Kong
-
How soon should treatment be administered after the appearance of symptoms of Avian Flu?
within 2 days
-
Rheumatic Fever is caused by:
an untreated group A Streptococcal infection
-
Who discovered the link between group A Streptococcus and Rheumatic Fever?
Rebecca Lancefield
-
A proper diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever:
uses a throat culture for Streptococcus pyogenes
-
The incidence of Rheumatic Fever is affected by:
overcrowded living spaces
-
The use of antibiotic prophylaxis has been revised to regard the following:
it is only necessary for those who are at a very high risk of infection because of heart damage
-
Where is Clostridium botulinum found?
soil and sea water
-
How many types of Botulism toxins are there?
7
-
Botulism was first associated with what food?
German sausage
-
What are the 3 types of botulism?
foodborne, infant, and wound
-
Botulism antitoxin must be administered in what time frame to be effective?
24-48 hours
-
Who created the vaccine for rabies?
Louis Pasteur
-
Rabies is spread via?
saliva through a bite or broken skin
-
What shape is the rabies virus?
bullet
-
The initial symptoms of rabies are: fever; pain; burning and itching at the bite site: and/or all of the above?
all of the above
-
Which state is rabies free?
Hawaii
-
Poliomyelitis is caused by which of the following: protozoa; bacteria; virus; fungus; and/or multicellular animal parasite?
virus
-
The Poliovirus contains: single stranded RNA; - strand; DNA; + strand; and/or both single strand RNA and + strand?
both single strand RNA and + strand
-
What are the different types of Paralytic Polio?
Bulbar, spinal, and Bulbospinal
-
Which of these is NOT a way to contract Polio: fecal-oral route; vectors; direct contact; or contaminated food?
vectors
-
Who is the scientist that developed the oral polio vaccine?
Albert Sabin
-
Where and when was the West Nile virus first discovered?
Uganda in 1937
-
What percentage of people infected with West Nile Virus show no symptoms?
80%
-
West Nile Meningitis symptoms include which of the following: fever; headache; stiff neck; changes in consciousness; and/or all of the above
all of the above
-
Which is not useful in diagnosing West Nile Virus: MAC-ELISA; CT scan; Neutralization assays; virus culture; and/or spinal tap
CT scan
-
West Nile Virus has a transmission cycle that involves primarily which animals?
birds and mosquitoes
-
Caterial Endocarditis is usually a result of: brain damage; low birth weight; infection in the blood; bacteremia; and/or infection in the blood and bacteremia?
infection in the blood and bacteremia
-
All of e following are causative agents of bacterial endocarditis except: Streptococcus viridians; Campylobacter; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus bovis; and/or none of the above?
Campylobacter
-
Which of the following are considered risk for developing endocarditis? congential heart defects; heart valve disease; rheumatic fever; cardiac stents; or all of the above?
all of the above
-
Treatment for bacterial endocarditis can include all except: anitbiotic; increased carbohydrate intake; hosptialization; surgery; or non of the above?
increased carbohydrate intake
-
What organ in the human body does bacterial endocarditis affect?
heart
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