Medical Term

Air sac, alveolus

Airway, bronchus

Blood

Voice box, larynx

A rounded part, lobe

Mucus

nose

Oxygen

Throat, pharynx

Partition

Pleura, rib

Air, lung

Lung

Nose

Wall, partition; putrefying

Cavity

Chest, thorax

Windpipe, trachea

Brings oxygen into the bloodstream, through which it is transported to all body cells.

The process of providing cells with oxygen.

The lower portion of the respiratory system, consists of the trachea in the chest, the bronchial tree, which branches extensively throughout the lungs, the tiny air sacs within the lungs known as alveoli, and the lungs themselves.

Pulmonary specialist

Disease of the pharynx is treated by a nose and throat specialist.

Cancer specialist

A person who has received special training in the operation of equipment used to diagnose or treat breathing problems.

Without or absence of

Slow

Bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult

Upon, over, above, on top

Normal or good

Excessive, abnormally high, or above

Deficient, abnormally low, or below

Rapid or fast

Airway

Blood

Voice box, larynx

Straight

Nose

Chest, thorax

Condition of pain

Condition of carbon dioxide

Pain

Condition of blood

Condition of oxygen

Condition of sound or voice

Breath

To cough up

Condition of profuse bleeding, hemorrhage

Sudden involuntary muscle contraction

Dripping

The absence of carbon dioxide

The absence of oxygen

Absence of voice

The inability to breathe or inhale

Abnormal slowing of the breathy rhythm

A narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the tiny tubes known as bronchioles within the lungs.

• A repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing, and apnea.
• A sign of nervous dysfunction or congestive heart failure.

They symptom of a hoarse voice.

The symptom of dfficult breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder.

Normal breathing rhythm.

• Nosebleed
• Can be a sign of high blood pressure, a nasal sinus infection, inhalation of a toxi irritant or particle, or a blow to the face.

The symptom of coughing up and spitting out blood.

• Literally means "chest blood"
• It is the pooling of blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs.

Excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Deficient or abnormally low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

• The sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing.
• Common among patients suffering from the respiratory disease emphysema.
• Also a common symptom of heart failure and anxiety (panic) attacks.

The sign of abnormally rapid breathing is more common among patients experiencing asthma.

Abnormally shallow breathing

A reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body's gas exchange demands.

Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood is a sign of a respiratory deficiency.

The sign of abnormally low levels of oxygen throughout the body.

The closure of the glottis, the opening into the larynx, due to muscular contractions of the throat.

The limited ability to breathe when lying down, which becomes relieved when sitting upright.

Refers to a sudden, sharp reoccurrence of symptoms or a convulsion.

• An expectorated (coughed out from the lungs) matter.
• Contains mucuss, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood.

Rapid breathing

The symptom of pain in the chest region

without or absence of

Upon, over, above, or on top

incomplete

Airway

Cancer

Coccidioides immitis, organism

dust

Bladder

A plug

Fiber

Opening into the windpipe

Voice box, larynx

Fungus

Nose

Throat, pharynx

Pleura, rib

Lung or air

Lung

Pus

Nose

Cavity

Pulse

Narrow

Chest, thorax

Almond, tonsil

Windpipe, trachea

Little swelling

Pertaining to

Expansion or dilation

• pertaining to
• producing, formation, or causing

condition of

inflammation

Tumor

• The absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation.
• "Condition of without pulse"

• A condition of the lungs that is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucous plugs.
• Produces the symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and frequent coughing during an episode, the frequency of which varies with every patient.

• The alveoli in the lungs normaly retain a small amount of air even during a forced expiration, which prevents them from collapsing.
• Trauma or disease has disabled this protective mechanism and caused the alveoli to collapse, preventing air from entering.

• An abnormal dilation of the bronchi.
• It is most commonly seen in infants and young children and is relatively rare among adults.

Inflammation of the bronchi.

An aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi.

• An acute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli.
• Often occurs in a lobe of a lung.

• An obstruction of air flow to and from the lungs is a consequences of several forms of pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, cystic fibrosis, and emphysema.
• General term for these forms of pulmonary obstruction.

A fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which often spreads to the lungs and other organs.

Caused by inhaling spores of the fungal pathogen.

• The common cold is caused by a virus that infects the upper respiratory tract causing local inflammation.
• It is usually acute

• A viral infectious disease that is relatively common among infants and young children produces a characteristic hoarse cough with a sound resembling the bark of a dog.
• Cough results from the acute obstruction of the larynx.

• A hereditary disease characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere.
• Literally means "condition of fibrous cysts (bladders)"
• Causes difficulty breathing because of the dense mucus that obstructs the airways.

A chronic lung disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia.

• Inflammation of the epiglottis
• Usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the throat to the epiglottis and can be very serious in children due to the danger of airway obstruction.

• Inflammation of the larynx.
• It is characterized by the symptom of dysphonia.

A form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella Pneumophilia.

• It arises from the soft tissues of the lung.
• Most common cause is chronic exposure to tobacco smoke.

• Inflammation of the nose and pharynx.
• It may be caused by an allergic reaction or bacterial or viral infection.

• An acute infectious disease characterized by inflammatio of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing.
• Commonly known as whooping cough because of the noise produced at the end of a cough when the larynx spasms, producing a long inspirational noise.

• Inflammation of the pharynx.
• Commonly called "sore throat"

• Refers to the leakage of fluid.
• Fluid leaks into the pleural cavity.
• It usually occurs as a response by the body or infection of the pleural membranes.

Inflammation of the pleural membranes.

Inflammation of the pleural membranes and the lungs

• Inflammation of the lungs, when caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles.
• "condition of dusty lungs"

• Inflammation of soft lung tissue (excluding the bronchi) that results in the formation of an exudate (fluid) within alveoli.
• Is caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens. which trigger the inflammatory response.

An inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause.

The accumulation of fluid within the lungs outside the alveoli.

• The abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity.
• It is caused by penetrating injury to the chest or severe coughing and leads to atelectasis.

• The accumulation of fluid within the tiny air sacs within the lunds (the alveoli) is a response to infection or injury.
• Most common cause is cardiovascular disease, including congestive heart failure.
• It is often associated with pneumonitis.

• A blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot.
• It is a complication to an injury or surgery elsewhere in the body.

The presence of pus in the pleural cavity.

A respiratory disease that is characterized by atelectasis.

• Affects newborns
• It is caused by insufficient surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells that prevents atelectasis.

• Affects adults
• It is caused by severe lung infections or injury

• Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity.
• One of the clinical terms for the common cold.

• A severe, rapid-onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis.
• It is usually caused by the influenza virus and can become fatal.

• Similiar to rhinitis
• An inflammation of the mucous membranes.
• It affects the nasal cavity and also the paranasal sinsuses that are located within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones of the skull.

Inflammation of one or more tonsils

• Inflammation of the trachea.
• It is usually caused by a bacterial infection that travels downward from the larynx.

Inflammation leads to a narrowing of the trachea.

• Infection of the lungs by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• "Condition of little swelling"

A generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx).

Against or opposite of

Within

To widen

Oxygen

Breathe

pertaining to

Surgical puncture

Surgical removal or excision

a record or image

recording process

process

measuring device

measurement

resembling

Surgical repair

Process of viewing

Surgical creation of an opening

incision or to cut

• A clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria.
• Is frequently used with chest X-rays to confirm a diagnosis of tuberculosis.

• A pharyngeal tonsil
• "resembling a gland"

In some cases, a chronically inflammed adenoid must be surgically removed to avoid complications including obstruction of the nasopharynx.

A therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamines.

A clinical test on arterial bloo to identify the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A proedure to remove fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction.

A procedure that involvs listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination, often with the aid of a stethoscope.

• A procedure that uses a bronchodilating agent in an inhaler to reduce bronchial constriction in an effort to open the airway and improve breathing.
• "process of widening the airway"

The X-ray imaging of the bronchi.

Bronchography that produces an X-ray image of the bronchi and uses a contrast medium to highlight the bronchial tree.

The evaluation of the bronchi using a flexible fiber -optic tube mounted with a small lens at one end and attached to an eyepiece and computer monitor at the other end.

• Diagnostic imaging of the chest by a computed tomography (CT) instrument.
• The procedure is used to diagnose respiratory tumors, pleural effusion, pleuritis, and other diseases by providing 3-D images of the thoracic cavity.

An X-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, and other conditions of the lungs.

A physician specializing in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease.

Insertion of a noncollapsible breathing tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth.

Pertaining to within the trachea

• A drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus.
• "spit out of the chest"

• A valuable postoperative breathing therapy.
• it involves the use of a portable spirometer to promote deeper breathing to improve lung expansion after an operation.
• If self self-administered reduces pulmonary complications and helps to correct atelectasis.

• Surgical removal of the larynx.
• It is often required as a treatment for laryngeal cancer and is usually followed by training or insertion of a device to enable the patient to communicate orallly.
• These patients have a permanent tracheostomy.

A diagnostic procedure that uses a modified endoscope, called a laryngoscope, to visually examine the larynx.

A surgical incision into the larynx and trachea is usually performed to provide a secondary opening for inspiration and expiration, allowing air to bypass the upper respiratory tract.

Surgical removal of a single lobe of a lung is sometimes required as a treatment for lung cancer, if the tumor is isolated in one lobe.

• A medical treatment to provide supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress.
• It provides assisted breathing using a ventilator, which pushes air into the patient's airway.
• Is often used by a respiratory therapist in a clinical setting or by an emergency medical technician at the site of injury and in transit to a hospital.

A device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs with the aid of deep inhalation.

The procedure that measures oxygen levels in the blood using an instrument called an oximeter.

A small, handheld oximeter that provides a digital readout of oxygen levels by noninvasive physical contact with a finger.

• The surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity.
• it's a diagnostic procedure

• Surgical removal of a lung.
• It is performed as a radical treatment for lung cancer, in which tumors have progressed throughout one lung.

• A diagnostic procedure that evaluates the blood circulation of the lungs.
• In this procedure, X-ray images are taken of the lungs following the injection of a contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation.
• "Recording of blood vessel pertaining to lung"

A series of diagnostic tests performed to determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry .

• A physician specializing in the treatment of diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs.
• Pulmonary specialist

• Artificial respiration that is used to restore breathing
• Most common form is cardiopulmonary

Surgical repair of the nose.

A type of rhinoplasty during which deviation of the nasal septum is corrected to improve breathing.

A simple skin test to determin the presence of a tuberculosis infection.

Surgical puncture using a needle and syringe into the thoracic cavity to aspirate pleural fluid for diagnosis or treatment.

• Surgical puncture into the chest cavity, usually for the insertion of a drainage or air tube.
• "Placing a chest tube"

• A surgical incision into the chest wall.
• The procedure is often used to treat pleural effusion by draining the excess fluid from the pleural cavity

Surgical repair of the trachea.

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea, usually for the insertion of a breathing tube.

Surgical incision into the trachea.

• A diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine, or the use of radioactive material., to evaluate pulmonary function.
• It can identify pulmonary embolism and pulmonary edema.

Arterial blood gases

Adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome

Acid-fast bacilli

Cystic fibrosis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Chest X-ray

Hyaline membrane disease

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Pulmonary embolism

Purified protein derivative

Respiratory distress syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Tuberculosis

Upper respiratory infection

Ventilation-perfusion scanning

Abdomen, abdominal cavity

anus

Appendix

Bile

Blind intestine, cecum

Bile, gall

Common bile duct

Colon

Bladder

Teeth

Twelve, duodenum

Small intestine

Gullet, esophagus

Stomach

Gums

Tongue

Liver

To oil, ileum

Empty, jejunum

Mouth

Sweetbread, pancreas

Digestion

Stretch over, peritoneum

Rectum or anus

Pylorus

Rectum

Saliva

The letter S, sigmoid colon

Converts food into a form the body can use for energy, growth, and repair.

The breakdown of food particles into their small subunits, is the primary function of the digestive system.

• Absorption of nutrients, which occurs across the wall of the small intestine.
• Regulation of sugar levels in the blood, which achieved by endocrine cells of the pancreas and by liver cells
• Conservation of water, which is provided by water absorption across the walls of the small and large intestines.

Bacteria in the GI tract

without or absence of

Through

Bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult

Back

Flow

Stomach

Breath

Digestion

Eat, swallow

Fat

condition of pain

pain

Vomiting

condition of blood

condition of

abnormally large

Excessive discharge

• The inability to swallow
• "Without eating or swallowing"
• "Inabiltity to swallow"

• An accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen.
• A sign of liver disease, congestive heart failure, or both.

• Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements are characteristics of this condition.
• It is a sign of an intestinal disorder.

• An opposite conditon to constipation, in which frequent discharge of watery fecal material occurs.
• "Excessive discharge through" and may be caused by an improper diet, but it is more commonly a sign of infectino by virus, bacteria, or protozoa.

• A common symptom of digestive difficulty that literally translates to "condition of difficult digestion"
• Commonly called indigestion, it is accompanied by stomach or esophageal pain or discomfort.

• Difficulty in swallowing.
• It often accompanies a sore throat, although its chronic form can be a sign of oral or pharyngeal cancer.

• It is used to describe the presence of gas, or air, in the GI tract.
• Gas is expelled through the anus as flatulence

The symptom of stomach pain.

Bad breath

Vomiting blood

• A sign of liver disease is abnormal enlargement of the liver.
• "abnormally large liver"

• A yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, sclera of the eyes, and deeper tissues.
• It is a sign of liver disease.
• Results from the accumulation of bile pigments in the bloodstream that are normally removed by the liver.

A symptom of dizziness that includes an urge to vomit.

• A backward flow of material in the GI tract, or regurgitation.
• "Back flow"

• Abnormal levels of at in the feces is a sign of digestive malfunction.
• "Excessive discharge of fat"

Not

Bad

Lip

Orange

diverticulum

Fat

Stone

Appetite

Pancreas

Parotid gland

Small growth

Rectum

expansion or dilation

Inflammation

Softening

Resembling

abnormal reduction in number or deficiency

Dropping

state of

Process of

• An emotional eating disorder in which the patient avoids food due to a complusion to become thin in appearance.
• "Nervous cause of condition of no appetite"
• It results in extreme weight loss and nutritional deficiencies and can become fatal if left untreated.

Inflammation of the appendix

• A common eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse.
• "Binging and purging"

Inflammation of the lip.

A general condition of the lip, which often includes splitting of the lips and corners of the mouth, usually resulting from vitamin B deficiency.

• Inflammation of the gallbladder.
• It is usually caused by stones lodged within the gallbladder, which are commonly called gallstones.

Inflammation of the common bile duct.

A generalized condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts.

• A chronic, progressive liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue.
• "Condition of orange"

• Inflammation of the colon
• Often includes excessive peristalitc contractions, mucus prodution, and cramping pain.

Chronic bleeding of the colon wall, forms bloddy diarrhea.

• Cancer of the colon often includes cancer of the rectum.
• Life-threatening disease.

An abnormal mass of tissue that projects from the wall of the organ into the interior like a mushroom, to become an aggressive, metastatic tumor.

• A chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, most commonly the ileum of the small intestine, that involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall.
• Believed to be an inherited condition
• It is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, IBD

The presence of diverticula is often without symptoms or with mild bowel discomfort

An ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the duodenum of the small intesting.

• An acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants.
• Characterized by severe diarrhea and can become a life-threatening disease by causing dehydration.

Inflammation of the small or large intestine.

• Inflammation of the esophagus
• It is often caused by acid refulx from the stomach, which burns the esophageal lining to produce the inflammation.

Chronic esophagitis may lead to a morbid softening of the esophageal wall.

Ingestion of food contaminated with harmful bacteria can cause symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting, even in otherwise healthy peopel, but in the very young, elderly, and immunosuppressed it can become life threatening.

The life-threatening disease caused by clostridium botulinum.

Abnormal stretching, or dilation of the stomach.

An abnormal enlargement of the stomach

• Stomach cancer
• An aggressive, metastatic cancer arising from cells lining the stomach.

• An ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the stomach.
• It is often caused by an imbalance between the secretion of the protective mucous layer and the secreation of hydrochlorix acid in the stomach, which is often the result of infectio nby the bacterium Helicobactor pylori.

Inflammation of the stomach.

Inflammation of the small intestine and stomach.

If the first segment of the small intestine, the duodenum .

Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon all at once.

A recurring backflow, or reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus.

The softening of the stomach wall may occur during advanced stages of stomach cancer and other chronic diseases of the stomach.

Infection by the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis or Giardia lamblia produces symptoms of diarrhea, cramps, nausea, and vomiting. The disease is usually contracted by drinking contaminated water.

Inflammation of the gums, or gingiva. It is usually caused by chronic bacterial activity at the junction of the teeth and gums.

An inflammation of the tongue often caused by exposure to allergens, toxic substances, or extreme heat or cold.

Any disease of the tongue.

A varicose, or swollen, condition of the veins in the anus produces painful swellings that may break open and bleed. "Resembling leakage of blood"

A viral-induced inflammation of the liver.

A tumor arising from cells within the liver.

• Protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity.
• It causes the symptom of heartburn that results from the movement of stomach acids into the esophagus.

• A type of digestive system hernia
• A protrusion of a small intestinal segment through the abdominal wall in the inguinal region.

Occurs in males and is a protrusion into the scrotal cavity.

Occurs when a small intestinal segment enters through a tear in the membrane covering the abdominal wall at the umbilical (navel) region.

Requires medical intervention to avoid loss of the affected organ.

• A general term that includes the conditions ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
• A syndrome affecting different patients in different ways.
• It includes a wide specttrum of conditions and symptoms that range from chronic diarrhea and enteritis to ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease.

Infolding of a segment of the small intestine within another segment and results in a reduction of intestinal motility.

• A chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of large intestinal (bowel) function without clear physical damage.
• Episodes include abdominal pain caused by intestinal muscle spasms and flatus, and are often associated with fluctuations between diarrhea and constipation.

A lack of this enzyme results in the uncomfortable symptoms of flatus and diarrhea when dairy foods are consumed.

• A disorder that is characterized by difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients.
• It can have severe consequences, depending on the nutrients that cannot be absorbed.

An example of malabsorption syndrome is the inability to absorb fat molecules, resulting in a life-threatening disease.

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Inflammation of one or both parotid glands.

An erosion into the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract.

Inflammation of the extensive membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominpelvic cavity and covers most of its organs.

• The presence of many polyps.
• Condition of polyps
• Usually occurs in the colon or rectum of the large intestine, where it increases the risk for colorectal cancer.

Any abnormal mass of tissue that projects inward from the wall of a hollow organ.

Inflammation of the anus, and usually the rectum as well.

A drooping, or prolapse, of the rectum.

A severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction.

A solution or substance with a pH less than 7

to roll, ileum

Pylorus

Vagus nerve

Pertaining to

Surgical puncture

Surgical removal

pertaining to vomiting

a record or image

pertaining to a sudden, involuntary contraction

A surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid.

An agent that reduces the acidity of the stomach cavity.

• A drug that prevents or stops the vomiting relfect.
• "pertaining to against vomiting"

A drug that reduces peristalsis activity in the GI tract, which arrests the muscular spasms involved in diarrhea.

May also be used to treat the symptoms of diarrhea, but usually by increasing water absoprtion in the colon while decreasing spasms.

The surgical removal of the appendix.

An agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon

An agent that causes mild waves of peristalsis.

The procedure of suturing a lip

The surgical removal of the gallbladder

The procedure of producing an X-ray image of the gallbladder

The X-ray image of the gallbladder

The surgery that involves the removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct.

A congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth, or hard palate, fail to fuse during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral cavity and nasal cavity

Surgical removal of a segment of the colon.

Surgical creation of an opening performed on the colon. The new opening is referred as a stoma.

A clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces.

Surgical removal of part of the stomach or, in extreme cases, the entire organ.

• A cleansing procedure in which the stomach is irrigated with a prescribed solution.
• Performed after ingestion of a toxic substance or drug overdose or to remove irritants before after surgery.

An irrigation procedure may be performed on the colon to remove unwanted substances.

The process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose that extends through the esophagus to enter the stomach.

Visual examination of the GI tract that is made possible by the use of an endoscope.

Which examines the esophagus

Which views the stomach

Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Which examines the abdominal cavity.

A common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provie radiographic examinationof the GI tract.

The admintration of barium sulfate into the color or rectum for a lower GI series (LGI) of X-rays.

Surgical removal of diseased tissue in the gums, or gingiva.

An injury that involves a severe bite through the tongue often requires surgery to close the wound with sutures.

Surgical removal of hemorrhoids

• A surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum of the small intestine.
• Is performed to establish an alternative anus for the passage of feces, usually following a radical colectomy in which the entire colon.

The surgical procedure that involves an incision through the abdominal wall, often from the based of the sternum to the pubic bone.

The surgical removal of polyps

Surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach, which may include repair of the pyloric valve.

• A test that may be performed if a pathogen is a suspected cause of a disease that affects the GI tract.
• includes obtaining stool (fecal) samples, using the sample to grow microorganism in culture, and identifying the microogranisms to determine which antibiotics will effectively kill the pathogens.

The surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve may be performed in an effort to reduce gastric juice secretion as a treatment for chronic gastric ulcers.

Barium enema

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Fecal Occult Blood Test

Gastrointestinal

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

inflammatory bowel disease

Irritable bowel syndrome

Lower GI series

Nausea and vomiting

Stool Cultures and sensitivity

Upper GI series