-
Where does the heart development arise from
Cardiogenic area, anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane and neural tube
-
The outer lining of the heart is called
Epicardium (visceral cardium)
-
The inner lining of the heart is called
Endocardium
-
The anterior side of the heart is formed mainly by
Right ventricle
-
The inferior of the heart (diaphramatic) is formed mainly by
The left ventricle and partly the right ventricle
-
The right pulmonary surface of the heart is formed mainly by
The right atrium
-
The left pulmonary surface of the heart is formed mainly by
The left ventricle
-
Where is the apex of the heart in respect to the ribs
It is located at the left 5th intercostal space at the mid clavicular line
-
The sounds of the mitral valve are best heard where
The apex of the heart
-
The base of the heart is formed by
Mainly the left atrium with a lesser contribution from the right atrium
-
The Base of the heart is separated from the vertebral bodies T6-T9 by
The pericardium, oblique pericardial sinus, esophagus, and aorta.
-
The base of the heart extends superiorly and inferiorly until what structures
- The bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk
- Coronary groove
-
What are all of the vessels that feed the base of the heart
- Four pulmonary veins
- Superior and inferior vena cavae
-
The right border of the heart consists of
Right atrium and extends between the Superior and inferior vena cavae
-
The left border of the heart consists of
Mainly the left ventricle and slightly by the left auricle
-
The inferior border of the heart is formed by
The right ventricle and slightly by the left ventricle
-
The superior border of the heart is formed by
The right and left atria and auricles
-
What is the surface marker for the superior border of the heart
2nd left intercostal space to the 3rd right costal cartilage
-
What is the surface marker for right border of the heart
3rd right costal cartilage to the 6th right costal cartilage
-
Where is the left border of the heart in respect to the ribs
2nd left cartilage cartilage to the 5th left intrcostal space in the midclavicular line
-
Where is the inferior border of the heart found in respect to the ribs
Sixth right costal cartilage to the 5th left intercostal space mid clavicular line
-
Where do you listen for the pulmonary valve
Over the medial end of the left 2nd intercostal space
-
Where would you listen for the Aortic valve
Over the medial end of the right 2nd intercostal space
-
Where would you listen for the Tricuspid valve
Just to the left of the lower part of the sternum near the 5th intercostal space
-
Where would you listen for the mitral valve
Over the apex of the heart in the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
-
The right atrium is located where in respect to the ribs
The level of the 3rd costal cartilage
-
Where is the inferior vena cavae in respect to the ribs
5th costal cartilage
-
What is anterior to the interior of the right atrium
Rough muscular pectinate muscles
-
The interatrial surface of the right atrium septum contains what
Fossa ovalis
-
Superior to the interior of the right ventricle is
The conus arteriosus (infundibulum) leading to the pulmonary trunk
-
What does the supraventricular crest separate
The rough part of the heart from the smooth part in the right ventricle
-
Tricuspid valve and aortic valve attach to papillary muscles via
Chordae tendineae
-
The interventricular septum has what two parts to it
A membranous and a muscular
-
Pulmonary veins have no
Valves
-
The superior part of the left atrium projects as
The left auricle
-
The walls of the left auricle contain
Pectinate muscles
-
What is the floor of the fossa ovalis
Interatrial septum
-
What is the inside of the left ventricle and right covered with
A mesh of trabaculae carnae
-
Dextrocardia
- During development of the heart, the heart tube bends to the left instead of to the normal right
- This makes the heart and vessels reversed
-
Dextrocardia is often associated with what other condition
Situs inversus (transportation of viscera such as liver)
-
Ectopia Cordis
The heart is in an abnormal location. Death follows the first two days unless the heart defect is not severe.
-
What is the annular ring of a heart valve
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the valve and cusp
-
Where is the pulmonary valve in respect to the ribs
Medial aspect of the 3rd costal cartilage on the left side
-
Where is the aortic valve in respect to the ribs
Medial aspect of the 3rd left intercostal space behind the left side of the sternum
-
Where is the tricuspid valve in respect to the ribs
Medial aspect of the right 5th costal ridge behind the right side of the sternum
-
Where is the mitral valve in respect to the ribs
In the medial 3rd left intercostal space
-
Valvular heart disease
Produces either stenosis or inability of the valve to close completely resulting in turbulence
-
What are eddies
Small whirlpools if blood in a bad valve that produces vibrations known as murmurs
-
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart
Four fibrous rings that encircle the valves as well as help in the structure of the interatrial, interventricular, and atrioventricular septa
-
Damage to the fibrous skeleton of the heart can caused by what conditions
- Marfan syndrome
- Endocarditis
-
What is valvular stenosis
Fusion of thickening valves
-
Valvular Atresia
- Complete fusion of valves
- In the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus delivers blood to the aorta
- In the pulmonary valves, Ductus arteriosus is the only access to the pulmonary circulation
-
Persistent Truncus Arteriosis
- Conotruncal ridges fail to fuse and fail to descend toward the ventricle
- Pulmonary artery arises from the truncus arteriosis
-
Tetralogy of fallot
- Narrow right ventricular outflow region
- Defect of interventricular septum
- Overriding aorta arising directly above the septal defect
- Hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall
-
Cor triloculare biventriculare
The most serious atrial septal defect with a complete absence of the atrial septum
-
Tricuspid Atresia
- Obliteration of the right atrioventricular orifice
- Patent oval foramen
- Ventricular septal defects
- Underdeveloped right ventricle
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
-
What are the three Ventricular septal defects
- 1. Defect of the membranous part of the interventricular septum (Mixed blood in the pulmonary trunk)
- 2. Defect of the muscular part of the intermuscular septum (Multiple defects = swiss cheese)
- 3. Absence of interventricular septum (Results in single or common ventricle)
-
What does the right coronary artery feed
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Part of left ventricle
- SA/AV nodes
- Posterior third of the the IV septum
-
What does the left coronary artery feed
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Part of right ventricle
- Anterior 2/3 of IV septum
-
Lympth from the right atrium and ventricle drains where
Left venous junction, and the left side does the opposite
-
Atrial repolarization occurs when
During ventricular depolarization
-
Cardiac tamponade
Excessive pericardial effusion into the pericardial cavity, compromising the volume of the sac not allowing the heart to expand.
-
Hemopericardium
Blood in the pericardial cavity
|
|
