PH Exam 2 Communicable Dx

• Infectivity
• Pathogenicity
• Virulence
• Toxivity
• Invasiveness
• Antigenicity

• Sudden onset of N/V/D, cramps
• All foods, esp foods in contact with dirty hands

• Sudden onset of colic and D, maybe N
• Inadequately heated meats or stews
• Food contamined by feces

• Watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps; N/V, fever, h/a
• Raw or inadequately cooked seafood

• CNS signs: blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth
• Home-canned fruits and veggies not adequately heated
• Honey

Illness caused by an infectious agent or that agents toxins and is transmitted from an infected person, animal, or inanimate object to a susceptible host

• Host
• Agent
• Environment

• Cause of disease
• Biological agents include bacteria, parasites, fungi, virus

• Infectivity
• Pathogenicity
• Virulence (severity)
• Toxicity
• Invasiveness
• Antigenecity

• Vulnerable organism
• Susceptibility
• Immunity status
• Infection status

• Site where agent survives and multiplies
• Inanimate: water, soil, food
• Animate: human, nonhuman

• Immediate transfer of agent from infected host
• Limited to distance of ~3 ft or less

Transferred through inanimate objects or nonhuman animate carriers

• Unidirectional (nonhuman to human)
• Bidirectional (nonhuman to human to nonhuman)
• Vertical
• Horizonal (person to person)
• Endogenous
• Exogenous

• Varicella
• Zoster
• MMR

• Parenteral: has to have a break in skin
• Skin: can break through skin
• Mucous Membranes: lowered system of resistance

• Intestinal tract
• Respiratory tract
• Skin

• Immunity
• Vaccines
• Spray for bugs
• Wear long sleeves
• Don't go out in evening

• Natural: body's innate response
• Artificial: body's response purposely induced (vaccines)

• Passive: antibodies transferred from another person or animal (breastfeeding)
• Active: body develops antigens following exposure (after dx)

• Cross: antibodies to one dx protects from another dx
• Herd: immunity among the majority protects thought w/o immunity- 80% pop

specific to artificially acquired active immunity

• Broader term
• Includes artificially acquired active AND passive immunity

• Not for prego or immunocompromised
• Contain live weakened (attenuated) microorganisms
• Can multiply in the body

• Contain killed (inactived) microorganisms
• Whole
• Partial- parts of substance with other parts

Reduce or eliminate exposure or susceptibility to a dx

Reduce incidence or prevalence of a dx at one point in time

Control of a dx w/in a specific geographical area (polio)

Reduce incidence worldwide to zero (smallpox)

• Detection (emerging and reemerging dx)
• Monitoring
• Intervention guidance
• Control evaluation
• International travelers' advice
• Transport and trade guidance
• Bioterrorism defense

• Inc mobility
• Ecologic instability
• Economic instability
• Inc animal to human transmissions
• Emerging dx
• Recurrent dx
• Drug-resistant dx

• Seasonal
• Epidemic- more than usual
• Pandemic- worldwide epidemic

• A new subtype of influenza A virus is introduced into the human population
• The virus causes serious illness in humans
• The virus can spread easily from person to person in a sustained manner

• Educate populations on:
• General S&S
• Basic Preventative Measures: cough/ sneeze, handwashing, avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth, and isolation
• Vaccination

• IM and LAIV
• Allergy to eggs
• Allergic rxn to seasonal flu vaccine
• Guillian-Barre syndome
• Mod to Severe ill

• < 2 years, > 50 years
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Weakened immune system
• Children or adolescents on aspirin tx
• In close contact with person with weakened immune system

• Guillian-Barre Syndrome: paralysis
• Thimerosal: autism