gu

the group of organs that produces urine, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance for the body

fluid made by kidney and eliminated from the body

wast derived from ammonia produced through proten metabolism

male organ system that includes reproductive and and urinary structures.

the medical specialty of dealing with kidneys

surgical specialty dealing with urinay/genitourinary system

pertaining to kidneys

renal calculi

microscopic structure within kidney that produces urine

notched part of kidney where ureter and other structures join kidney tissue

outer tissue of an organ such as kidneys

inner tissue of organ such as kidneys

visible tissue structures within the medulla of kidneys.

tip of a pyramid; it juts into the hollow space fo the kidney

BUN

this forms when protein breaks down

hollow space of the kidney that junctions with a ureter

tuft of cappilaries from which blood is filtered into a nephron

hollow , cup shaped first part of the nephron tubule

part of tubule beyond Bowman capsule

beyond proximal tubule

beyond descending loop of henle

tubule beyond ascending loop of henle

larger structure beyond the distal tube into which urine drips

random motion of molecules form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

diffusion pattern of water in which molecules move to equalize concentrations on both sides of a membrane

the measure of a substances concentration in water

a solution that has a concentration of the substance greater than that of a second solution

a solution that has a concentration of the substance lower than that of a second solution

a form of molecular diffusion in which a molecule specific carrier in a cell membrane speeds the molecules movement from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

movement of a molecule through a cell membrane from a regionof lower concentration to one of higher concentration; movement requires energy consumption within the cell

formation and passage of a dilute urine, decreasing blood volume

formation and passage of a concentrated urine, preserving blood volume

a waste product caused by metabolism within muscle cells

enzyme produced by kidney cells that plays a key role in controlling arterial blood pressure

hormone produced by kidney cells that stimulates maturation of red blood cells

duct that carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder

pain arising in hollow organs such as ureter and bladder

pain felt in hollow organs such as the ureter and bladder

sudden onset of severly decreased urine production

decreased urine elimination to 400 to 500 ml or less per day

no elimination of urine

ARF due to decreased blood perfusion of kidneys

ARF due to pathology within the kidney tissue itself

disease affecting the smallest blood vessels

syndrome with sudden death of tubular cells

inflammation within the tissue surrounding the nephrons

ARF due to obstruction distal to the kidney

permantly inadequate remal function due to nephron loss

extreme failure of kidney function due to nephron loss

build up of blood urea

retention of Na leads to
retention of K leads to

ratio of BUN to creatinine should be

condition where blodder empties uncompletley during urination

infection and inflammation of the urinary bladder

infection, usually bacterial, at any site in the urinary tract

infection and inflammation of the kidney

inflammation of nephrons