Which endocrine gland stimulates the testes to produce germ cells?
anterior lobe of pituitary
the testes produce germ cells and secrete the male hormone?
testosterone
the final maturation of the sperm occurs in the?
epididymis
A muscular tube connecting the epididymis and that is part of the spermatic cord is the ?
vas deferens
The _______ and the vas deferens form the ejaculatory duct.
seminal vesicle
This structure lies on the posterior aspect of the base of the bladder and also secretes a thick liquid consisting of fructose. This structure is known as?
seminal vesicels
Menarche refers to the onset of ________ in females.
menstruation
Ova begin to grow and develop to a mature ovum; this process of expelling the mature ovum is known as?
ovulation
The corpus luteum continues to grow after the ovum has been released and secretes ______.
progesterone
The ovum travels from the ovary to the uterus via the?
fallopian tubes
Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterus is called?
eptopic pregnancy
The mentrual phase of the cycle is a result of what three products?
blood
mucus
sloughed endometrium
Natural termination of the reproductive process is?
menopause
In the second stage of syphilis, a ______ rash affects any part of the body.
non-itching
______ can cause septic arthritis.
Gonorrhea
To best delineate the prostate, seminal vesicles, and surrounding organs for accurate staging of carcinoma of the prostate gland, ____ is the modality of choice.
MRI
Inflammation of the pair (or one) of the long tightly coiled ducts that carry sperm from the seminiferous tubules of the testes to the vas deferens is called?
epididymitis
On ultrasound, a testicular tumor that has a uniform hypoechoic mass appearance without calcification or cystic areas is known as a?
seminoma
Spread os infection into the fallopian tubes from the pelvis is caused by?
PID- pelvic inflammatory disease
Often multiple benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus, called ___________, are stimulated by estrogen.
uterine fibroids
Post menopausal bleeding is a symptom of _______ carcinoma, which is the predominant neoplasm of the uterine body.
endometral
A _________ examination has permitted early detection of cervical carcinomas.
PAP smear
As a result of a pelvic inflammatory disease, the fallopian tubes may be obstructed, causing ______ or _______.
infertility
eptopic pregnancy
Lipd material within a lesion with relative radiolucency that has a characteristic of calcification is a __________.
dermoid cyst
A tumor mass with clustered calcification in the mammory gland is indicitive of?
breast cancer
Gonaotropic hormones of the _________ stimulate development of sperm and secretion of testosterone.
anterior pituitary
Final maturation of sperm occurs in the __________.
epididymis
BPH?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (benign enlargement of the prostate)
1 in ___ men will contract prostate cancer.
10
Skeletal mets occur in ___% of people with prostate cancer.
75
What is cryptorchidism?
failure of testis to descent from abdominal cavity to scrotum.
Orchiopexy vs orchiectomy?
Orchiopexy is surgical fixation of testis in scrotum (if under 10yrs old)
Orchiectomy is removal of testies (if over 10)
Differentiation of testicular torsion from epididymitis?
US Doppler- see blood flow (arteriole pulsation)
Low pulsation= torsion
High pulsation= epididymitis
Testicular tumors are the most common neoplasm between _______ years in males.
20-35 yrs old
Two main types of testicular tumors?
seminoma- slow growing
teritoma (non-seminoma)- highly malignant
Breasts are considered ________ reproductive organs.
accesory
Bicornate uterus?
Paired uterin tubes extending to the fallopian tubes
Uterine didelphys?
Duplicate uterus, cervix, and vagina
Path? Causes- clamydia, gonorrhea, viral/fungal, bacterial infection following childbirth- What happens: reproductive oragans become inflammed.
PID, pelvic inflammatory disease
Ovarian cysts: Follicular and Corpus luteum. Which is the most common oviarian neoplasm?
Dermoid cyst (teritoma), account for 15% of ovarian tumors
Benign overgrowth of uterine smooth muscle, very common, stimulated by estrogen, can cause bleeding between periods, excessive bleeding and pressure to surrounding organs.
uterine fibroids (leiomyoma)
Endometrial carcinoma usually occurs in ______ women, especially those with no _______.
postmenopausal
children
Endometrial tissue of uterus lining becomes embedded elsewhere in the pelvis?
Endometriosis
HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) is a major risk factor with what pathology? PAP smears also allow early ditection.
Cervical carcinoma
_______ women and ______ men are diagnosed with breast cancer each year.
175,00 women
900 men
Breast cancer is most often found in the ____________ of the breast.
upper outer quadrant
Caffeine may be contributory to development of __________ disease.
fibrocystic breast
Polyhydramnios?
excess amount of amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios?
too little amount of anmiotic fluid
More than 1/2 of PTs with ectopic pregnancy have a history of _______.
PID
What pathology gives a false pregnancy indication, and is a benign tumor of placental tissue?
Hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)
What pathology gives a false pregnancy indication that is highly malignant tumor of placental tissue?
Choriocarcinoma
The frequent malignant __________ is a primary tumor that develops from the chorionic portion of the products of conception.
choriocarcinoma
Muscular tube passing through the inguinal canal?
vas deferens
What secretes a thick fluid of fructose in the male?
seminal vesicle
Arises from a primitive germ cell and consists of many tissue types?
teritoma (dermoid cyst)
A benign smooth muscle tumor.
uterine fibroid
Caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum?
Syphilis
_____ causes an inability to empty the bladder completely.
BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia
Ectopic testis?
cryptorchidism
Follicular and corpus luteum are examples of?
Oviarian cysts
Most common and widely spread venereal disease?
gonorrhea
Neoplasm of the uterine body and most common invasive neoplasm.
Endometrial carcinoma
Tumor related to chronic irritation, infection and poor hygiene.
cervical cancer
The testis normally migrate through the ______ into the scrotal sac.
inguinal canal
A reflux of endometrial fragments backward through the fallopian tubes during menstation resulting in an implantation in the pelvis is?
endometriosis
A benign breast disease demonstarting various sized cysts throughout the breats
A. fibrocystic disease
The most common calcified lesion in the female genital tract is a ?
fibroid
Poor hyfiene, chronic irritation, and infection appear to be related to the development of?
cervical cancer
The lack of a female chromosome causing an abnormal fertilization is known as a?