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Carbohydrates
- short term energy source
- simple sugars --> complex polysaccharides
- Storage (plant starches and glycogen)
- Structure (cellulose)
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Lipids
- Fats, oils, lipid-based components
- phospholipids - foundation of cell membranes
- Long term energy source
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Amino Acids (Proteins)
Long chains of specific combinations of Amino acids
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Protein Function
- Enzymes - increase rate of biological process
- Structure & movement
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Nucleotides
- comparatively small molecule composed of sugar phosphate and "nitrogenous base"
- 1. Sugar molecule w 5 carbon atoms
- 2. a nitrogenous base
- 3. a phosphate group
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Nucleic Acid
- Long chain of nucleotides
- *Genetic code and protein synthesis
- (Composes DNA and RNA)
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DNA
- Most common form of Genetic information
- 1. Deoxyribose
- 2. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
- 3. Double Helix
- 4. A - T, G - C
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RNA
- Form of genetic info in some viruses
- 1. ribose
- 2. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
- 3. Single strand
- 4. A - U, G - C
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Genes
DNA nucleotide sequences
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Protein Synthesis
- Process of changing DNA code to "readable" RNA then to proteins
- DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> Proteins
- * Process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA (Thymine --> Uracil)
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Transcription
- The information in DNA is transcribed into RNA
- Eukaryotes typically have some post-transcription editing
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Genetic Code
- 20 Amino Acids used to synthesize proteins
- Each amino acid is encoded by one or more combinations of 3 nucleotides
- * 64 possible combinations of 3 nucleotides
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