physiological psych exam 2

• What you see on the left gets processed by the right side of both eyes and gets processed in the right side of the brain
• opposite for things you see on the right

vibrations in the air that are being compressed and decompressed

the height of the sound wave

• determined by the amplitude
• determines the loudness of a sound in decibels (dB)

• the speed and distance between sound waves
• determines pitch which is measured in hertz (Hz)

• the process in which sound is converted from vibrations to electrical signals to the brain
• vibrations from the ear drum activate the basilar membrane which then activate nearby hair cells and starts action potentials

• when things are organized according to different pitches of sound
• basilar membrane and primary auditory cortex
• for example: the base of the basilar membrane reacts to high pitched sounds and the tip reacts to low pitched sounds

• naming seen objects
• organized between the language areas and the visual cortex

the bundle of fibers that connect wernicke's area to broca's area

all oderant recptors are g-protein receptors

• the body is organized into horizontal levels
• each specific level sends information to a specific region of the spinal cord when activated

the immune system releases histamine which causes blood vessels to dilate (redness and swelling)

• knowing where the body and its parts are in relation to space
• this happens on a subconscious level (you don't think it)

an unpleasent physical sensation associated with tissue damage or dysfunction

• nocioceptive
• normal response to painful stimuli
• example: broken bone

• intractable
• constant pain in response to tissue injury or nerve damage
• example: shingles

the perception of pain

• receptor for any kind of pain
• on free nerve endings

• diminishes the presence of pain
• novacain

• absence of all sensory perception
• laughing gas

• myelinated fiber
• notices quick and sharp pain

• unmyelinated fiber
• for slow, dull, pr chronic pain

• the area where motoneurons meet muscle fibers
• ACh acts as the neurotransmitter

• used in specific areas on the body
• inhibits action potentials by blocking sodium channels

blocks transmissions of pain signals to the brain

the enzyme that produces prostaglandins which stimulate pain fibers

• motivation for survival
• controlled by the hypothalamus
• need for thirst, food, and constant temperature

• not needed for survival
• controlled by the frontal cortex and part of the hypothalamus
• strongly influenced by external sources
• sexual behavior, parental behavior social needs

• the bodies need to maintain internal physiological processes within critical ranges
• example: 8 hrs of sleep, 98 degree body temp., sensory stimulation

cell fluid level decreases and blood is more concentrated

• when blood volume decreases
• usually common in blood loss victims

• genotypic sex determines gonadal sex which determines phenotypic sex
• if there is a problem at any stage, it results in the opposite gender being developed

• gonads start out as an indifferent sex (have both ducts)
• if there is an sry hormone present it creates testes
• if there is no sry hormone present it creates ovaries

male gonads

female gonads

in males the testes secrete an anti mullerian hormane which regresses mullerian ducts and develops wolfian ducts

phenotypic sex is determined

• expressing male behavior
• example: spatial ability

• expressing feminine behavior
• example: verbal fluency

lack of male brain and behavior in a male

lack of female brain and behavior in a female

• both gender processes are initiated by gonadal hormones
• development of female parts is now not the default