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What is the difference between physical activity and exercise?
- Physical activity: any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles.
- Exercise: is a subclass of physical activity done to improve or maintian physical fitness
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What are some risk factors coorelated with a person's health (big picture)?
- Inherited/biological: age, gender, race
- Environmental: physical, socioeconomic, family
- Behavioral: smoking, nutrition, alcohol, stress
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What are the top 7 causes of death?
- 1. heart disease
- 2. cancer
- 3. stroke
- 4. chronic lung disease
- 5. accidents
- 6. alzheimer's disease
- 7. diabetes
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What are the main cardiovascular risk factors?
- age: men older than 45, women older than 55
- family history: heart attack or sudden death of dad over 55 or mom over 65
- cigarette smoking: current or have smoked within 6 months
- sedentary lifestyle: not doing 30 minutes, moderate intensity activity 3 days/wk for 3 months
- obesity: BMI over 30 kgm, waist circumference over 40" for men, over 35" for women
- hypertension: 140/90 or higher (on 2 separate occasions)
- dyslipidema: LDL over 130, HDL under 40, told serum over 200
- prediabetes and diabetes
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What are the ideal levels of LDL and HDL?
- LDL: less than 100 (70-160)
- HDL: greater than 40 (40-60)
- Total cholesterol/HDL ratio: 3.5 = optimum
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What does bad cholesterol lead to and what are some factors that cause high cholesterol?
- narrowing of coronary arteries
- cigarrettes, increase in saturated fat, diabetes, genes
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What are the ages of men and women that make it a CV risk factor?
- men: greater than 45
- women: greater than 55
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What are some heart disease risk factors that can be modified?
- body weight
- smoking
- diet
- activity level
- blood glucose
- HTN
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What are some heart disease risk factors you don't have control over?
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What does smoking cause?
- negative effects on heart
- vasoconstrictor
- decrease oxygen in blood
- increase epinephrine
- increase blood glucose
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What is the 2nd leading cuase of death and what are associated risk factors?
- CANCER
- tobacco use
- high fat and low fiber diet
- alcohol
- occupational and environmental exposure
- physical inactivity (colon and breast)
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What is the most deadly cancer in men and women?
lung cancer
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What is the highest incidence of cancer in men and women?
- men: prostate cancer
- women: breast cancer
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What is the 3rd leading cause of death and associated risk factors?
- CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE (STROKE)
- high blood pressure
- tobacco use
- high cholesterol
- physical inactivity
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What is the 4th leading cause of death and associated risk factors?
- CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
- tobacco use
- occupational and environmental exposure
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What is the 5th leading cause of death and associated risk factors?
- ACCIDENTAL INJURIES
- not using seat belts or helmets
- alochol and other substance abuse
- reckless driving
- occupational hazards
- guns in the home
- stress and fatigue
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What leading cause of death is moving up on the list?
Alzheimer's disease
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What percentage of deaths from diabetees are from Type II and why?
- 90-95% associated with overweight and obesity
- causes impaired metabolism leading to accelerated athersclerosis
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What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
infection and parasitic diseases
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What are some diseases associated with lack of exercise?
- coronary heart disesase
- hypertension
- obesity
- hyperlipidemias
- type 2 diabetes
- osteoporosis
- breast and colon cancer
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What are some benefits of aerobic exercise?
- ability to get oxygen out of trained muscles
- increase stroke volume
- decrease resting HR, submax HR, BP (if hypertensive)
- improve body comp and psychological well being
- decrease clotting
- improve cholesterol levels
- decrease triglycerides
- increase glucose utilization
- decrease risk for CAD
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Where are higher levels of sedentary individuals living?
- rural south (include KY)
- 31.6% vs. 27.4% nationally
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What is the fattest city in the US?
Corpus Christi, TX
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What did the London bus conductor study show?
conductors from double decker buses were more it and lower CHD than other conductors
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What did the study on San Francisco Longshoreman show?
if you expended at least 8500 kcal/wk you had less risk of fatal CHD
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How many kcalories a day show a health benefit?
- 200kcal/day (1500kcal/week)
- 2 miles brisk walking
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What is the chance of death from exercising vigorously?
1/15,000-20,000
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What is typically the cause of death in individuals exercising over 30 years old and under 30 years old?
- over 30: coronary artery disease
- under 30: congenital heart or blood vessel problems
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