APUSH 29a

• No League of Nations membership, Red Scare, restrictive immigration laws, and high tariff rates.
• U.S. relationship with the League of Nations underscored tensions between isolationism and expanding global interests.

prohibited private loans to any gov that had defaulted on debts to the US.

• Five-Power Naval Treaty
• Four-Power Treaty
• Nine-Power Treaty
• significance of those:
• -

• Politically popular in the U.S, but without obligations or teeth.
• Naval treaty only placed limits on capital ships (battleships and aircraft carriers), and triggered a naval arms race in smaller ships that were not limited.

• signed by America, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy.
• Incorporated Tonnage limits, moratorium on capital shipbuilding,
• no further fortification of Pacific possessions

• France, Britain, and Japan.
• Each would respect others' Pacific possessions

• Five Powers plus China, Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands.
• They all Agreed to support the Open-Door Policy and the territorial integrity of China

outlawed war.

U.S. paid Colombia $25 million for canal in 1921.

American forces withdrew from the Dominican Republic

Peacefully solved problem with Mexico

no nation has the right to intervene in internal/external affairs of one another.

restricted reasons for intervention in Latin America

had provisions allowing intervention in Cuba; abrogated in 1934.

allowed the press to lower tariffs 50% for countries that did the same.

1933

united Italy, Germany, and Japan. Creating the "Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis" by 1937. Germany united with Austria in 1938.

ger broke Munich pledge and conquered the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939

Britain and France declared war on Germany after Germany (in coordination with the Soviet Union) invaded Poland in September 1939

reflects the isolationist mood

• Declared – Forbade sale of arms or munitions to belligerents
• Weakness of act – became apparent when Italy still conquered Ethiopia. Provisions added to forbid loans to warring nations in 1936

• Maintained – restraints on arms sales and loans
• Added a "cash and carry" provision –allowed nations at war to carry U.S. goods from U.S. ports on their own ships.
• In Chinese-Japanese confrontation – Roosevelt did not invoke act to ensure China had access to the American munitions trade.

Japan bombed and sunk an American gunboat in China in 1937 – Japan paid reparations and apologized → American animosity toward Japan increased

invades Denmark, Belgium, Norway, and the Netherlands; France falls to Germany by June.

• Military build-up,
• Increased defense budget
• National Defense Research Committee established to coordinate military research

– Britain's survival ended threat of German invasion

The Act’s fall – bypassed the legal restrictions against extending loans to countries that defaulted on earlier U.S. loans. Weakening isolationist opposition failed to prevent its passage

• Define war aims
• Freedom from want, fear, tyranny for all
• Free trade
• Disarmament

each pledged to declare war on any nation that attacked any of them.

once the Nazis invaded Russia in June, the Japanese were freed of any threat from the north.

• Roosevelt Froze Japanese assets and restricted oil exports to Japan in summer of 1941
• and organized the armed forces of the Philippines into the U.S. Army in summer 1941.

triggered plans to invade British and Dutch possessions in Southeast Asia and the Pacific to secure new oil supplies

December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked on Pearl Harbor and attacked the Philippines, Guam, Midway, Hong Kong, and the Malay Peninsula. The U.S. declared war on Japan.

On December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.