CH10

defense mechanism that gives socially acceptable reasons for action that are really based on motives that they believe to be unacceptable

an individual's sense of where his or her life influences originate

four body fluids- blood, phlegm, black bile, & yellow bile- that, according to an ancient theory, control personality by their relative abundance

defensive mechanism occurs when people act in exact opposition to their true feelings

• desires: repression of secual & agressive desires including those involved in the Oedipus Complex
• challenge: consciously- learning modesty with shame, unconsciously- dealing with repressed Oedipus conflict
• later signs of problems: excessive modesty, preference for company of same sex, homosexuality

when people know they are being observed, they change their behavior to what they think the observer expects or to make themselves look good

defense mechanism that avoids a difficult situation by simply denying that it exists

• an emotion proposed by Karen Horney
• gives a sense of uncertainty & loneliness in a hostile world
• can lead to maladjustment

a feeling of inferiority that is largely unconscious, with its roots in childhood

according to trait theory, traits that form that basis of personality

defense mechanism involves shifting your reaction from the real source of your distress to a safer individual or object

defense mechanism where a person adopts immature, juvenile behavior that was an effective way of dealing with stress when they were younger

defense mechanism when gratifying sexual or aggressive desires in ways that are acceptable in one's culture

in trait theory, preferences & attitudes

• personality components that define people's lives
• very few have it

• Freud
• a largely unconscious process where by boys displace an erotic attraction toward their mother to females of their own age and at the same time indentify with their fathers

• Freud
• the female desire to have a penis
• a condition that usually results in their attraction to males

a widely used personality assessment instrument that gives scores on ten importan clinical traits

• personality assessment instruments (Rorschach & TAT)
• based on Freud's wgo defense mechanism of projection

an innate drive that motivates a person to reach his or her full potential

the Jungian dimension that focuses on inner experience- one's own thoughts & feelings- making the person less outgoing & sociable

the Jungian personality dimension involving turning one's attention outward, towards others

our ouverall view of our abilities, behavior, & personality

a projective test requiring subjects to describe what they see in a series of ten inkblots

a projective test requiring subjects to make up stories that explain ambiguous pictures

• refers to theorists who broke with Freud but whose theories retain a psychodynamic ascpect
• especially a focus on motivation as the source of energy for the personality

Jung's term for that portion corresponding roughly to the Freudian Id

• desires: mature sexual relationships
• challenge: displacing energy into healthy activities, establishing new relationship with parents

defense mechanism when you use the defense of projection to attribute our own unconscious desire to other people or objects

one part of our self-concept or how we evaliate ourselves

the acceptance of a person for who he or she is

occurs when a person can be him or herself & not worry about trying to impress others with false beliefs or behavior

Freudian concept of psychic energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure

primitive, unconscious portion of the personality that houses the most basic drives & stores repressed memories

susceptibility to neurotic problems

hundreds of visible areas of personality

• Jung's addition involving a reservoir for instinctive "memories"
• including archetypes, which exists in all people

• the ancient memory images in the collective unconscious
• appear & reappear in art, literature, & folktales around the world

16 basic traits that underlie personality characteristics

occurs when psychosexual development is arrested at an immature stage

• the mind's storehouse of values
• including moral attitudes learned from parents & from society
• roughly the same as the common notion of the conscience

• the conscious, rational part of the personality
• charged with keeping peace between the superego & the Id

a widely used personality test based on Jungian types

people have the tendency to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality

the process in which cognitions, behavior, and the environment mutually influence each other

• desires: stimulation of genitals
• challenge: resolving Oedipus complex, involving erotic attraction to parent of opposite sec & hostility to parent of same sex
• latersigns of problems: masturbation, jealousy, egocentric sex, sexual conquests, problems with parents

• desires: anal stimulation by bladder & bowel function
• challenge: toilet training, self-contril
• later signs of problems: messiness, temper tantrums, destructiveness, cruelty, excessive cleanliness, stinginess, coldness, distance, aloofness

• desires: oral stimulation by sucking, eating, crying, babbling
• challenge: overcoming dependency
• later signs of problems: smoking, nail biting, chewing, gluttony, obesity, talkativeness, dependency, gullibility

• a trait perspective suggesting that personality is composed of five fundamental personality dimensions:
• openness to experience
• conscientiousness
• extraversion
• agreeableness
• neuroticism

an unconscious process that excludes unacceptable thoughts and feelings from awareness and memory

largely unconscious mental strategies employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety

successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulations of specific body areas at different times of life