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analects
the book of the sayings of Confucius
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Dao (Tao)
The mysterious origin of the universe, which is present and visible in everything
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Daodejing (Tao Te Ching)
The classic scripture of Daoism
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5 classics
The classical literature of the time preceding confucius including poetry, history and divination
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4 Books
The major Confucian books which include the sayings of Confucius and Mencius
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Junzi (Chun-tzu)
Noble Person, the refined human ideal of Confucianism
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Laozi (Lao Tzu)
The legendary founder of Daoism
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Legalists
The strictest of the Chinese philosophical schools, whick advocated strong laws and punishments
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li
- Appropriate action, ritual, propriety, etiquette
- Has 2 meanings Propriety (appropriatness) and Semantics the inquiry into the relation between words, thought and objective reality (NO SLANG)
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Mohists
a Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love
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Ren (Jen)
Empathy consideration for others, humaness, a Confucian virtur
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Shu
Reciprocity: a Confucian virtue
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Wen
Cultural refinement, a Confucian virtue
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Wu-wei
No action, no strain, doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally; effortlessness
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Xiao (hsiao)
family devotion; filial piety, a confucian virtur
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Yang
The active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light and heat
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Yijing (eejing) (I Ching)
an ancient Confucian book of divination, one of the 5 Classics, still in use today
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Yin
The receptive aspect of the universe that expresses itself in silence, darkness, coolness and rest
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Zhuangzi (Chauang Tzu)
Author of the Zhuangzi, a book of whimsical stories that express themes of early Daoist thought.
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Confucius
- Kung Fu-Tzu or Kung the Master
- First Teacher--best of all teachers
- tie with the common people because he was brought up in poverty
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Coonfucius had a reputation of a man of
Integrity and practical wisdom
Failure as a politician-rulers too afraid of Cunfucius' candor and integrity to appoint him a position of power
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Confucius considered a one man university
Socratic method of teaching-allowed students to answer questions
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Confucius affected how much of the world's population
25%, 1/4--the mentor and model of ten thousand generations
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The Big Problem Confucius faced
Social anarchy and political violence
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Group consciousness was relaced by self-consciousness.
Social conventions were replaced by reason (rationale)
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The Big Question
What do you do when custom and traditions are no longer adequeate to hold society together? Or what do you do when people are no longer civil and obedient?
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3 Approaches to Social Order
- The Realist Philosophy of Social Order
- The Mohistic Philosophy of Social Order
- Confucius answer to the problem
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The Realist approach to Social Order-Han Fei Tze
Hit ; people understand best if force is used. The only way to avoid universal violence in a society composed of self-seeking individuals is to maintain an effective militia that stands ready to bat people back in line when they transgress.
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The Mohistic Philosophy of Social Order-Mo Tzu or Mo Ti
Universal love; As love is obviously good, and the God who orders teh world is good as well, it is inconceivable that we have a world in which love does not pay.
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Confucius' Answer to Social Order--lover of tradition--loved so much he developed his own body of tradition
Tradition appeared to him to be the device for appropriating from this glorious past prescriptions that could serve his own troubled times (Age of Grand Harmony)
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Spontaneous Traditions
Customs and traditions that emerged without conscious intent and without question.--when violated continuously this creates social anarchy
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Deliberate Traditions
Customs and traditions developed consciously and with deliberate intent. ex. employee handbook, formed by a group of people to address a problem that has happened. Determine what values are importan and internalize them. Moral ideas-to-habits
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Deliberate Tradition requires attention
- 1 attention required to maintain its force in the face of the increased individualism the threatens to erode it -rebellion
- 2. attention required to be given to the content of that education--needs updating from time to time.
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5 great relationships
- father-son
- elder brother- younger brother
- husband-wife
- elder- younger
- ruler-subject
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5 concepts that serve as the content of deliberate tradition
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Jen
ideal relationship that should exist between people. doing what is right for the other person because that is also what is good for you
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Chun Tzu
ideal hostess--demonstrated by a self-respect that generates respect for others and asks not "What can I get from others or what can you do for me...filial piety
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Li
- 2 meanings;
- Propriety= appropriatness
- Semanitcs=relation between words, thought and objective reality ( not slang words)
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Propriety
- Recitification of Names--know your role--harmony
- 5 Constant Relationships
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Te
power of moral example
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Wen
arts of peace unlike arts of war in music, art poetry, and the sum of culture in its aesthetic and spiritual mode,, Confucius was impressed by the power of art to transform human nature in the direction of virtue
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