Oxygenation: Cardiovascular

The inner most layer of the heart.

The thick muscular middle layer of the heart

• The outer layer of the heart.
• Is a thin-walled sac that surrounds the heart and attached it to the tiaphragm and sternal wall of thorax.

• The heart is capable of generating its own electrical impulse.
• It is conducted through specialized conduction fibers.

The contraction that is caused by the SA node impulse that spreads through the heart, which then causes the muscle contraction and pumping motion so blood is ejected from the ventricles.

The period between contractions of the heart. This extra time allows the heart muscle to relax and its chambers to fill with blood.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute.

• Heart Rate and Stroke Volume
• SV:CO=HRxSV

• 1. Blood that enters the heart determines how much the heart can pump out.
• 2. Depends on natural strength of the heart muscle.
• 3. Depends on the resistance to blood flow in the circulartory system.

Stroke volume depends on the natrual strength of the heart muscle.

• The flow of blood through the body tissue.
• All living body cells must receive a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients.

130-160 beats/minute

70-110 beats/minute

60 to 80 beats/minute

the primary component of the plaque (fatty lesion) that gradually occludes arteries.

• Blood flow decreases through the coronary arteries, the active muscle becomes hypoxic.
• Unless blood flow is restored, portions of the heart can die.
• Heart Attack

• An abnormality in heart rhythm.
• Can be caused by damage to the heart muscle or donduction system, dimished coronary blood flow, decreased blood O2 levels, medication, alterations in serum electrolytes and overstretching of the heart muscle.

Large protein molecules in the plasma pull the remaining fluid into the capillary. It is a spongelike action of the plasma proteins.

• Family Hx of heart disease.
• Man, or women after Menopause.
• Increase age (risks increase with age)
• African American ethnicity.

• High BP.
• Cigarette/tobacco use.
• High Blood Cholesterol.
• Physical inactivity.
• Obesity.
• Diabetes.
• Stress in daily living.
• Hormon replacement

The primary component of the plaque (fatty lesion) that gradually occludes arteries

• High Density Lipoprotein- Good
• Low Density Lipoprotein - Bad

Dehydration or hemorrhage causes a decrease in circulating volume. Because tissue perfusion depends on a sufficient volume of circulating blood, any decrease in volume can lead to tissue hypoxia.

• Condition of inadequate perfusion and its consequences.
• Decreased tissue perfusion causes tissue hypoxia because less oxygen is available for metabolism.
• Compromised blood flow provides few nutrients and contributes to abnormalities resulting from the buildup of waste products.

Pain and organ dysfunction.

A solid mass or clot that can develop in arteries or veins and steadily increases in size until it occupies the entire lumen of the vein.

• They occur when a thrombus breaks loose and travels in the circulation.
• Plaque or fat from bone breaks loose and travels in the circulation.

Chest pain associated with decreased coronary blood flow.

Limb pain caused by poor blood flow.

Temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain, with brief disturbances in speech, vision, and mobility; confusion; and numbness felt on one half of the body.

Complete lack of blood flow to specfici areas of the brain causes tissue infarction.

Vein inflammation.

Sequentially compress various chambers within the extremity sleeve to promote venous return.

A grouping of features related to glucose and fat metabolism that signifcantly increases the risk for cardiovascular disease.

• New discomfort in the chest arms neck or jaw (if this is not a normal occurrence).
• Rapid, irregular, or unusually slow heartbeat (if this is abnormal).
• Dizziness or fainting
• Severe pain and loss of normal color in an extremity (not causeds by exposure to cold).