Supply Chain Management

Physical items produced by business organizations

Activities that provide some combination of time, location, form, and psychological value.

The management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services

A sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service.

The difference between the cost of inputs and the value or price of outputs

One or more actions that transform inputs into outputs

The time between ordering a good or service and receiving it.

An abstraction of reality; a simplified representation of something

A set of interrelated parts that must work together

A few factors account for a high percentage of the occurrence of some events

Systems in which highly skilled workers use simple, flexible tools to produce small quantities of customized goods.

Systems in which low-skilled workers use specialized machinery to produce high volumes of standardized goods.

Parts of a product made to such precision that they do not have to be custom fitted.

The breaking up of a production process into small tasks, so that each worker performs a small portion of the overall job.

Use of the internet to transact business

Consumer-to-business transactions

The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of goods and services

Using resources in ways that do not harm ecological systems that support human existence

The ability of an organization to respond quickly to demands or opportunities

A process for reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing customer satisfaction

System that uses minimal amounts of resources to produce a high volume of high quality goods with some variety

Buying goods or services instead of producing or providing them in-house

effectively an organization meets the wants and needs of customers relative to others that offer similar goods or services

The reason for the existence of an organization

States the purpose of an organization

Provide detail and scope of the mission

Plans for achieving organizational goals

The method and actions taken to accomplish strategies

The special attributes or abilities that give an organization a competitive edge

Characteristics that customers perceive as minimum standards of acceptability to be considered as a potential for purchase

Characteristics of an organization’s goods or services that cause it to be perceived as better than completion

The considering of events and trends that present threats or opportunities for a company

The approach, consistent with the organization strategy that is used to guide the operations function

Strategy that focuses on quality in all phases of an organization

Strategy that focuses on reduction of time needed to accomplish tasks.

A measure of the effective use of resources, usually expressed as the ratio of output to input

The capability of an organization to produce an item at an acceptable profit

The capability of an organization to provide a service at an acceptable cost or profit.

The responsibility of a manufacturer for any injuries or damages caused by a faulty product

Products carry an implication of merchantability and fitness

The assessment of the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its useful life.

Examination of the function of parts and materials in an effort to reduce cost and/or improve product performance

Refurbishing used products by replacing worn-out or defective components

Design so that used products can be easily taken apart.

Recovering materials for future use

Design that facilitates the recovery of materials and components in used products for reuse

A strategy of producing basically standardized goods, but incorporating some degree of customization

The process of producing, but not quite completing a product or service until customer preferences are known

A form of standardization in which component parts are grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged

The ability of a product, part, or system to perform its intended function under a prescribed set of conditions

Situation in which a product, part, or system does not perform as intended

The set of conditions under which an item’s reliability is specified

Design that results in products or services that can function over a broad range of conditions

Dismantling and inspecting a competitor’s product to discover product improvements

Organized efforts to increase scientific knowledge or product innovation

Bringing engineering design and manufacturing personnel together early in the design phase

Product design using computer graphics

The designing of products that are compatible with and organization’s capabilities

Design that focuses on reducing the number of parts in a product and on assembly methods and sequence.

The ease of fabrication and/or assembly

An approach that integrates the “voice of the customer” into both product and service development

Something that is done to or for a customer

The facilities, processes, and skills needed to provide a service

the combination of goods and services provided to a customer.

The physical resources needed to perform the service, the accompanying goods, and the explicit and implicit services included.

A method used in service design to describe and analyze a proposed service.

The ability of a product, service, part, or system to perform its intended function under a prescribed set of conditions.

Events whose occurrence or nonoccurrence does not influence each other

The use of backup components to increase reliability

The average length of time between failures of a product or component.

The fraction of time a piece of equipment is expected to be available for operation.