Anatomy & Physiology

A membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior. Also called the mucosa

The presence of glucose in the urine; may be temporary or pathological. Also called glycosuria

Hormone produced by neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and vasoconstriction of arterioles. Also called vasopressin.

The functional unity of the kidney

A mineralcorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys and potassium excretion in urine

A double-walled globe at the proximal end of a nephron that encloses the glomerular capillaries. Also called Bowman's capsule.

The fluid produced when blood is filtered by the filtration membrane in the glomeruli of the kidneys

A muscular layer (coat or tunic) of an organ

• The secreting cell of a gastric gland that produces pepsinogen the precursor of the enzyme gastric lipase. Also called a zymogenic cell.
• Cell in the parathyroid glands that secretes parathyroid hormone. Also called a principal cell.

The outermost covering of a structure or organ

Extensions of the efferent arteriole of ajuxtamedullary nephron that run alongside the loop of the nephron (Henle) in the medullary region of the kidney

Smooth muscle that forms the wall of the urinary bladder

One of the two tubes that connect the kidney with the urinary bladder

One of the paired reddish organs located in the lumbar region that regulates the composition, volume, and pressure of blood and produces urine

A triangular region at the base of the urinary bladder

A glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and its enclosed glomerulus

A hollow, muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pulic symphysis; receives urine via to ureters and stores unine until it is excreted through the urethra.

Consists of the macula densa (cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to the afferent and efferent arteriole) and the juxtaglomerular cells (modified cells of the afferent and sometimes efferent arteriole) secretes renin when blood pressure starts to fall.

The removal of waste products from blood by diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane

A membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior. The external layer of an organ formed by a serous membrane. The membrane that lines the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. Also called a serosa

A blood vessel of a kidney that divides into the capillary network called a glomerulus; there is one afferent arteriole for each glomerulus

The connective tissue layer of a mucosa

A rounded mass of nerves or blood vessels, especially the microscopic tuft of capillaries that is surrounded ny the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule of each kidney tubule. Plural is glomeruli

The act of expelling urine from the urinary bladder. also called urination

External to the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity.

A solid mass, usually consisting of calcium phosphate crystals, that may form in any portion of the urinary tract. Also called a renal calculus

The duct from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body that conveys urine in females and urine and semen in males

A triangular structure in the renal medulla containing the straightsegments of renal tubules and the vasa recta