Plasticity-the brain's ability to reorganize itself after damage-is especially evident in the brains of
B. young children
An experimenter flashes the word HERON across the visual field of a man whose corpus callosum has been severed. HER is transmitted to his right hemisphere and ON to his left hemisphere. When asked to indicate what he saw, the man
B. says he saw ON but points to HER
Studies of people with split brains and brain scans of those with undivided brains indicate that the left hemisphere excels in
D. processing language
Damage to the brain's right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person's ability to
D. make inferences
If a neurosurgeon stimulated your right motor cortex, you would most likely
D. move your left leg
Which of the following body regions has the greatest representation in the sensory cortex?
C. Thumb
The "uncommitted" areas that make up about three-fourths of the cerebral cortex are called
B. association areas
Judging and planning are enabled by the ______ lobes.
A. frontal
The limbic system, a doughnut-shaped structure at the border of the brain's older parts and the cerebral hemispheres, is associated with basic motives, emotions, and memory functions. Two parts of the limbic system are the amygdala and the
D. hippocampus
A cat's ferocious response to electrical brain stimulation would lead you to suppose the electrode had touched the
A. amygdala
The initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was located in the
D. hypothalamus
_______ secrete(s) epinephrine and norepinephrine, helping to arouse the body during times of stress.
D. adrenal glands
The autonomic nervous system controls internal functions, such as heart rate and glandular activity. The word autonomic means
C. self-regulating
Descriptive and correlational studies describe behavior, detect relationships, and predict behavior. But to explain behaviors, psychologists use
C. experiments
Which of the three measures of central tendency is most easily distorted by a few very large or very small scores
A. the mean
The standard deviation is the most useful measure of variation in a set of data because it tells us
a. the difference between the highest and lowest test scores in the set.
b. the extent to which the sample being used deviates from the bigger population it represents
how much individual scores differ from the mode
d. how much individual scores differ from the mean
d. how much individual scores differ from the mean
A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors, such as two sets of scores vary together. In a ____ correlation, the scores would travel up and down together; in a(n) _____ correlation, one score would fall as the other rises.
B. positive and negative
When sample averages are ___ and the difference between them is ___, we can say the difference has statistical significance.
B. reliable; large
The psychological terms for taking in information, retaining it, and later getting it back out are
D. encoding, storage, and retrieval
Short-term memory is an intermediate memory stage where information is held before it is stored or forgotten. The newer concept of working memory
D.
Rehearsal, the conscious repetition of information a person wants to remember, is part of
D. effortful processing
When tested immediately after viewing a list of words, people tend to recall the first and last items more readily than those in the middle. When retested after a delay, they are most likely to recall
B. the first items on the list
Memory aids that use visual imagery, peg-words, or other organizational devices are called
C. mnemonics
Organizing information into broad categories, which are then divided into subcategories, is known as
D. hierarchical organization
Sensory information is initially recorded in our sensory memory. This memory may be visual (___ memory) or auditory (___ memory).
C. iconic; echoic
Our short-term memory for new information is limited; its capacity is about
C. 7 items
Long-term potentiation (LTP) seems to provide a neural basis for learning and memory. LTP refers to
A. an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulations
Amnesia following hippocampus damage typically leaves people unable to learn new facts or recall recent events. However they may be able to learn new skills, such as riding a bicycle, which is an
D. implicit memory
The hippocampus seems to function as a
C. temporary processing site for explicit memories
A psychologist who asks you to write down as many objects as you can remember having seen a few minutes earlier is testing your
C. recall
Specific odors, visual images, emotions, or other associations that help us access a memory are examples of
C. retrieval cues
Our tendency to recall experiences consistent with our current emotions is called
C. mood- congruent memory
When forgetting is due to encoding failure, meaningless information has not been transferred from
D. short-term memory into long-term memory
Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" shows that after an initial decline, memory for novel information tends to
C. level out
The hour before sleep is a good time to memorize information because going to sleep after learning new material minimizes
B. retroactive interference
Freud proposed that painful or unacceptable memories are self-censored, or blocked from consciousness, through a mechanism called
D. repression
One reason false memories form is our tendency to fill in memory gaps with our assumptions about events. This tendency is an example of
C. the misinformation effect
We may recognize a face in the crowd but be unable to recall where we know the person from. This is an example of
