bio ch 9

infection of the primary and secondary bronchi

air sac of a lung

condition in which bronchioles constrict and cause difficulty breathing

extension from the middle ear to the nasopharynx that equalizes air pressure on the eardrum.

ion that participates in buffering the blood; the form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream.

smaller air passages in the lungs that begin at the bronchi and terminate in alveoli.

one of two major divisions of the trachea leading to the lungs

hemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide

enzyme in red blood cells that speeds the formation of carbonic acid from the reactants water and carbon dioxide.

sensory receptor sensitive to chemical stimuli - ex: receptors for taste and smell.

obstructive pulmonary disorder that tends to recur; marked by inflamed airways filled with mucus and degenerative changes in the bronchi, including loss of cilia.

sudden expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infections.

volume of inspired air that cannot be exchanged with blood.

degenerative lung disorder in which the bursting of alveolar walls reduces the total surface area for gas exchange.

structure that covers the glottis during the process of swallowing.

act of expelling air from the lungs; also called exhalation.

volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood

opening for airflow in the larynx

condition in newborns especially premature ones, in which the lungs collapse because of a lack of surfactant lining the alveoli.

act of taking air into the lungs; also called inhalation.

volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inhalation

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue fluid.

infection of the larynx with accompanying hoarseness.

cartilaginous organ located between the pharynx and the trachea that contains the vocal cords; also called the voice box.

malignant growth that often begins in the bronchi

paired, cone-shaped organs within the thoracic cavity; function in internal respiration and contain moist surfaces for gas exchange.

one of two canals in the nose, separated by a septum.

infection of the middle ear, characterized by pain and possibly by a sense of fullness, hearing, loss, vertigo, and fever.

compound formed when oxygen combines with hemoglobin

portion of the digestive tract between the mouth and the esophagus that serves as a passageway for food and also for air on its way to the trachea.

serous membrane that encloses the lungs

surgical removal of all or part of a lung

infection of the lungs that causes alveoli to fill with mucus and pus.

accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in the lungs; caused by inhaling irritating particles such as silica, coal, dust, or asbestos.

tuberculosis of the lungs, caused by the bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis

hemoglobin carrying hydrogen ions

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration

group of nerve cells in the medulla oblongata that sends out nerve impulses on a rhythmic basis, resulting in involuntary inspiration on an ongoing basis.

infection of the sinuses, caused by blockage of the openings to the sinuses and characterized by postnatal discharge and facial pain.

any sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant aged one month to one year.

agent that reduces the surface tension of water; in the lungs, a surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing.

amount of air normally moved in the human body during an inspiration or expiration

partially encapsulated lymph nodules located in the pharynx

surgical removal of the tonsils

infection of the tonsils that causes inflammation and can spread to the middle ears

passageway that conveys air from the larynx to the bronchi; also called the windpipe

creation of an artificial airway by incision of the trachea and insertion of a tube

process of moving air into and out of the lungs; also called breathing

maximum amount of air moved in or out of the human body with each breathing cycle.

fold of tissue within the larynx; creates vocal sounds when it vibrates.