FINAL

____ regulate salt and water balance by controlling kideny excretions of potassium and sodium retention.
1. glucocorticoids
2. minerocorticoids

Glucocorticoids regulate ______ metabilism.

And adrenal medulla secretes ______ and ________.

The hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland are controlled by the?

Oxytocin is secreted by the _____ pituitary gland and causes ______________.

The ________ is a butterfly-shaped gland consisting of two lobes.

The ______ glands are the glands responsible for controlling levels of blood calcium and phosphate.

_______ is a common endocrine disorder when beta cells in the islets of Langerhans fail to secrete insulin.

Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland (nontumorous) is most often the cause of __________.

Endocrine glands possess?

What are the endocrine glands?

Adrenal gland secretions. Cotex? Medulla?

Path? Excess production of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal cortex (raises blood sugar), lipid levels increase, obesity of trunk, buffalo hump, moon shaped face?

Hyperadrenalism is also called?

Hypoadrenalism is also called?

Path? Adrenal insufficiency caused by atrophy of adrenal cortex, fails to secrete aldosterone, pt unable to retain salt and water, hyperpigmentation over joints?

Adrenal carcinomas metastasis to?

______ is the 2nd most common malignancy in children.

It is important to differentiate _________ (adrenal origin) from _______ tumor which is a urinary system disease.

With neuroblastoms vs Wilm's tumor, which disease is more likely to show calcifications?

What is the hypophysis also called?

The anterior portion of the pituitary gland communicated with the ______ of the brain and secretes _____ and _____.

The anterior portion of the pituitary gland ____ hormones whereas the posterior portion ________ hormones.

_____ portion of the pituitary gland receives hormones from the hypothalamus which travels over nerve fibers and stores hormones for further use.

ADH (antidiretic hormone) is stored in the _____ lobe of the pituitary and increases the rate of _____ reabsorption in the renal tubules.

Oxytocin is stored in the _____ lobe of the pituitary and causes smooth muscle _______, especially in the uterus.

Hyperpituitarism produces ____ and _____.

Gigantism is excess growth hormone ____ puberty.
Acromegally is excessive growth hormone ____ puberty.

Diabetes ______ is caused by the absence of ADH.

Polyuria and polydipsia are symptoms of?

Creatinism is caused by _______ of thyroid hormone (from birth) which can lead to a dwarf with stalky features.

Myxedema is adult onset __________.

_____ disease is the most common type of hyperthyroidism which usually effects women 3-50yrs old.

What is exophthalmos, and what disease is it linked to?

What is a goiter?

Most common type of thyroid cancer?

Parathormone is responsible for regulating blood levels of ______ and _______ and are secreted by the ______ glands.

Note: Increased PTH secretion causes osteoclasts to remove bone. PTH secretion is controlled by calcium levels in the blood.

Endocrine function of the pancreas is to control glucose levels by secreting _______ and ________.

Insulin _____ blood sugar.

Glucagon _____ blood glucose.

Hyperglycemia (Diabetes Mellitus): two types?

Renal disease is the leading cause of death with _________.

Path? Hyperglycemic, too much glucagone, skin and tongue dry, fruity asitone breath, pt drowsy and lethargic before onset, can lead to coma and death, requires a large dose of insulin.

Path? Hypoglycemic, too much insulin, shallow breathing, pt sweats a lot, normal breath odor.

The modality of choice to determine the function of the thyroid for both palpable and nonpalpable nodules is?

What are the three types of thyroid carcinomas?

vasopressin is also known as?

What is the master gland that is controlled by the hypothalamus?

A lack of insulin prevents glucose from entering cells?

Excessive production of thyroxine?

Kidney's inablility to conserve water, resulting in low blood levels of ADH.

_____ predominantly affects females symptomatically as nervousness, emotional liability, and inability to sleep.

The gland that controls the level of secretion of gonadal and thyroid hormones and production of GH is the _____ gland.

An enlargemtn of the thyroid gland that is not inflammatory or neoplastic is?

The thyroid carcinoma that closely mimics normal thyroid tissue is the _____ type.

Common manifestations of diabetes ______ are polyuria, polydipsia, and glycosuria.

The hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism are
A. glucocorticoids
B. mineralocorticoids
C. androgens
D. gonadotropins

The most common cause of hypoadrenalism is?

Diabetes mellitus is a result of the ____ failing to produce _____.

The adrenal cortex secretes?

The adrenal medulla secretes?

Hyperadrenalism (_____) syndrome is an excess production of ___________.

Hypoadrenalism (_______) disease, adrenals fail to secrete ________.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by the absence of _______.

Creatinism is caused by insufficient production of _______ hormone.

Myxedema is adult onset __________.

Graves disease is caused by an excess production of ______ hormone.

A simple goiter is caused by the thyroid gland's inability to produce ________ hormone.

Toxic goiter is caused by the tyroid's overproduction of?

Parathyroid glands secrete _________ which is responsible for regulating blood levels of calcium and phosphate.

Glucagone _____ blood sugar and may also be given during _____.

Normal creatine levels?
Normal BUN levels?