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What was instrumental music in the Romantic Era viewed as?
This music in the Romantic Era was viewed as the ideal romantic art
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How did Romanticism view vocal work?
In this Era vocal works were said to be limited in its expressive range (words say what it means)
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What did Schopenhauer's instrumental music express?
His music expressed the innermost reality of human feelings (evokes response)
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What professional orchestras were founded in the Romantic Era?
- These professional orchestras were founded in this time period
- Londond Philharmonic
- New York Philharmonic
- Vienna Philharmonic
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When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra founded?
This Orchestra was founded in 1813
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When was the New York Philharmonic Orchestra founded?
This American Orchestra was founded in 1842
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When was the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra was founded?
This European Orchestra was founded in 1842
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What were the changes in orchestral instruments in the Romantic Era?
- The changes in orchestral instruments in this Era included
- Woodwinds acquiring keys
- Valves being added to brass
- Chromatic harp (as opposed to one key harp)
- Added tuba, piccolo, English horn, bass clarinet, and contrabassoon
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How many Symphonies did Franz Peter Schubert write?
This Romantic composer wrote 9 Symphonies
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What happened to one of Schubert's Symphonies?
His Symphony Number 8, "The Unfinished Symphony" was never finished. He moved on to Symphony Number 9
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What is Schuber's Symphony Number 9 called?
This Symphony is called "The Great C Major Symphony"
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What comment did Schumann say about Schubert's Symphony Number 9?
He said that The Great C Major Symphony is of "Heavenly Length"
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What is program music?
This music is a type of music contrasting to absolute music
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What is absolute music?
This type of music has form and structure
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What does program music do?
This type of music tells a story
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What is Romanitic music associated with?
This music is associated with poetic, descriptive, or narrative subject matter
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What are the types of program music?
- This type of music inclueds
- Program Symphony
- Concert Overture
- Symphonic Poem or tone poem
- Incidental music
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What does the Symphonic poem or tone poem do?
This type of music just follows the storyline
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What does incidental music do?
This type of music is background music during plays
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What did Hector Berlioz write?
- He wrote
- Symphonie Fantastique
- Harold en Italie
- Romeo et Juliette
- Treatise on Instrumentation and Orchestration
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What was Symphonic Fantastique
- This Hector Berlioz Symphony was Autobiographical
- -Idee fixe
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What is idee fixe?
This part means a recurring theme
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What was Harold en Halie?
This Hector Berlioz was a Viola Solo
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What was Romeo and Juliet?
This Hector Berlioz was a dramatic symphony in 7 movements for solo vocalists and chorus
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When was Hector Berlioz's treatise on instrumentation and orchestration written?
This Hector Berlioz's treatise was written in 1843
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What was the title of the first Symphonie Fantastique?
This first title is Marche Au Supplice
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When was the Symphonic Fantastic written?
This Symphony was written the year after Beethoven died, the same year Schubert died
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When did Berlioz get his idee fixes?
Berlioz thought of these when he was overdosed
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What happens in Movement IV of Symphonic fantastique?
In this Berlioz Symphony, the plot is that he murders his love
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What are the characteristics of Berlioz's Symphonic fantastique
- The characteristics of this Berlioz Symphony
- Bows mock ghosts and witches with back of bow
- Has distorted idee fixee from Movement IV mocking her
- Uses church bells to represent priests showing up
- Dies irae - three times
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What is the fifth movement from Berlioz's Symphonic fantastique called?
This Berlioz's movement is called Witches' Sabbath
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What did Felix Mendelssohn write?
- This composer wrote
- Songs without words (for piano)
- Italian Symphony (No. 4)
- Scottish Symphony (No. 3)
- Hebrides - overture
- Overture to "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
- 4 Piano concertos
- Violin Concerto in E Minor
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What is the Overture to "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
This piece is Incidental Music for some of the scenes in A Midsummer Night's Dream
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What are the characteristics of Mendelssohn's Overture to "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and their form?
- The characteristics of this Mendelssohn's piece has
- Enchanted forest at midnight - Intro
- Wood nymphs -1st theme
- King Oberon's Court - Transition or bridge
- Lovers - 2nd theme
- Acting Troupe - Close
- Sonata Allegro Form
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Who did Mendelssohn hire in for Violin Concerto in E Minor?
Mendelssohn hired Ferdinan David for this Concerto
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What is chamber music?
This music means one person per part
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What is chamber music written for?
Most of this music is written for quartets, quintets, and trios
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What were Schubert's early quartets modeled after?
Most of this Romantic composers' type of music was modeled after Mozart and Haydn
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What theme does the Trout Quintet use?
This Schubert piece uses the theme froom lied, Die Forelle
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Who's style did Brahms follow?
This romantic composer was a successor to Beethoven in chamber music
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Brahms
Sonantas form piano with another instrument
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Who were other Romantic chamber composers?
- Other composers of this style were
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Robert Schumann
- Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
- Clara Schumann
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What did Clara Schumann write?
She wrote the Piano Trio in G Minor (Mvt. III)
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What form was Schumann's Piano Trio in G Minor?
This Romantic Trio was in ABA form
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What type of instruments were in Schumann's Piano Trio in G Minor?
This trio used period instruments
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What was the role of Choral music in the Romantic Era?
- The role of this Romantic group was used to
- Support roles in operas, oratorios and symphonies
- Part-songs
- Cantatas
- Church music (Cecilian Movement)
- Amateur choral societies (Berlin Singakademie)
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Who was the first person to use choral music in his Symphony?
Beethoven was the first person to use this music in his Symphonies
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What were some oratorios and other large works in the Romantic Era?
- Two of this type of music are
- Handel and Haydn Society
- Bach Revival
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When was the Handel and Haydn's Society performed and where
This concert was performed in 1815 in Boston
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When was the Bach Revival started?
This was started in 1829
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What did Mendelssohn perform in the Bach Revival?
He performed St. Matthew Passion
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What were Mendelsson's oratorios modeled after?
His oratorios were modeled after Handel
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What were two of Mendelsson's oratorios?
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What were the characteristics of Mendelssoh's Elijah?
- The characteristics of this piece were
- Choral Finale (In English)
- Homorhythmic opening
- Fugal statement
- Imitative Amen
- Contrasts major, minor and chromatic
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What liturgical text did Schubert write?
This Romantic composer wrote Mass in A-flat
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What liturgical text did Berlioz write?
This Romantic composer wrote Grande Messe des Morts (Requiem) - Te Deum
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What liturgical text did Rossini write?
This Romantic composer wrote Stabat Mater
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What liturgical text did Verdi write?
This Romantic composer wrote Requiem
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When did Lowell Mason live?
This Romantic composer lived from 1792-1872)
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What was Lowell Mason president of?
He was president of the Handel and Haydn Society
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What did Lowell Mason found?
He founded the Boston Academy of Music
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What did the Boston Academy of Music do?
This started music education for children in schools
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Who introduced music into the public school curriculum?
Lowell Mason introduced music here
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What did Lowell Mason compose?
He composed over 1000 hymn tunes
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