Phylum Plathelminthes has how many classes & what are they?
4; Turbellaira, Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenea
Which phylum is known as flat worms and which are known as ribbion worms?
Flat=Plathelminthes
Ribbion=Nemertea
List 3 differences of Phylum Nemertea compared to Phylum Plathelminthes:
1. presence of probiscis
2. complete digestive tract
3. blood vascular sys.
For the following parasites name methods likely to prevent/control them:
a. Clonorchis (liver Fluke)
b. Schistosoma (blood fluke)
c. Taenia (beef tapeworm)
d. Ascaris
e. Wuchereia (filarial worms)
f. Trichinella
g. Cercaria (trematoda)
a: fully cooking food & treating sewage
b: treating sewage
c: fully cooking food & treating sewage
d: treating sewage
e: sprayong insectaside
f: fully cooking meat
g: fully cooking meat
all classes except one that belong to the Phylum Plathelminthes are parasitic. Name which are parasitic.
Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenea
In Trematodas Who are intermediate hosts & who are definitive hosts?
intermediate= snails
definative= vertebrate (humans)
List 4 characteristics of the Phylum Plathelminthes:
gastrovascular cavity
pharynx for ingesting food
digestion/absorbtion of food in intestine & diverticula
longitudinal nerve cords & cerebral ganglia
In Cestodas who are the intermediate & definative hosts?
intermediate= sheep, humans
definative= wolves/dogs
Why are sensory sys better developed in Planarians than flukes & tapeworms?
b/c they're free-living
What do Monogeneas use for attatchment?
opishaptor
What do Cestodas use for attatchment?
Scolex
Outter Covering of a nematode assisting in movment is ?
Cuticle
This worm emerges from large intestine at night to lay eggs on the skin around anus ?
Enterobius (pinworm)
Parasitic juvenilles burst out of host after host is near water ?
The pseudocole of Ascaris act as this when it assists in locomotion by creating a rigid tube ?
hydrostatic organ
This blood consuming nematode burrow through the skin when humans walk across infect soil ?
Necator americanus (hookworm)
This skeletal muscle inhabiting worm is the largest intracellular parasite ?
Trichinella
Wind one of these worms around a stick to remove it from your body ?
Dracanculus (guinea worm)
1. blood vascualr sys
2. cysticercus
3. free-living flat worms
4. ribbon worms
5. scolex
a. cestoda
b. Ctenophora
c. Monogenea
d. Nemertea
e. Trematoda
f. Turbellaria
1. d.
2. a.
3. f.
4. d.
5. a.
how many germ layers do bilaterians have?
3, triploblastic
The most complex digestive sys is most likely to be found in a _____ worm.
A. large, free-living
Phylum Nematoda have what as a hydrostatic organ?
Pseudocoel
What kind of worm is spread by misquitoes and clog the lymphatic duct in humnas? What Phylum does this worm belong to?
Filarial worms, Phylum Nematoda
What is the most comon worm parasite in the U.S. & what phylum does it belong to?
Pinworms, Phylum Nematoda
Horsehair worms belong to what Phylum?
Nematomorpha
a body divided into segments is termed ?
Metamerism
Annelids & Sipuncula have what as hydrostatic organ?
Coelom
How does segmentation effect locomotion in worms?
allows each segment to operate independently
What do chemosynthetic bacteria do ?
they make energy rich molecules for Fan/Feather worms (Polychaete)
List 4 characteristics of Oligochaeta.
1. Closed Circulatory Sys
2. Gizzard & Chloragogue tissue
3. Nephridia which act as kidney & get rid of wastes
4. Monoecious (hermaphroditic)
Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, & Hirudinians belong to what Phylum?
Annelida
Why are Oligochaeta important?
food chain
improve soil
fish bait
What is the significance of Coelom & Metamerism?
hydrostatic organ
fluid can circulate gases, wastes & nutrients
specialization of segments
List 3 characteristics of Peanut worms & tell what phylum they belong to.
coelom, but no segmentation
marine, benthic
deposite feeders
Phylum Sipunclua
What are "minor lophophotrochozoans"?
have pseudocoel (rotifers & Ancanthocephala)
have lophophore (Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda & phronidia)
Minor Lophotrochozoans include what 5 Phylums? (P. BEAR)
What are two characteristics of Rotifers? How do they reproduce?
Corona
Mastax
parthogenesis by amictic females (asexual)
sexually by mictic females
No digestive tract, intermediate host is arthropods, & endoparasitic in gut of vertebrate describes what Minor lophotrochozoan?
Acanthocephala
Aquatic, colonial creatures made of zooids, that are tiny filter feeders who have a lophophore and includs bryozoans describes what Minor Lophotorochozoan?
Phylum Ectoprocta
Lamp shells are marine benthic creatures with 2 valves (dorsal & Ventral), this describes what Minor Lophotorchozoan Phylum?
Phylum Brachiopoda
List 4 characteristics of Molluscs.
reduced Coelom
open circulatory sys
trochophore larve
radula
What are the 7 Classes of Molluscs? (M.P.S.C.Cs.B.G.)
Monoplachophora
Polyplachophora
Scaphopoda
Cephalopoda
Caudofoveata&Solenogastres
Bivalves
Gastropods
What class of Molluscs have calcareous scales & ancestral body form?
Class Caudofoveata & Solenogastres
Tusk shell deposite feeders who burrow in substrae describes what Class of Molluscs?
Class Scaphopdoda
List 4 characteristics of the Mollusca Class Bivalvia.
sedentary filter feeders
water circulated over gills via siphon & cilia
labial palps transfer food to mouth
crystalin style in stomach
Waht are Glonchidia larve and what do they do?
They are Bivalvia which attatch to gills of fish for several weeks
torsion, coiling & drilling holes in bivalves are characteristic of what class of Molluscs?
Class Gastropods
What are the 3 types of Gastropods?
Prosobranchs, Opisthobranchs, & Pulmonates
What are Cerata & Rhinophore? These are characteristic of what?
Cerata: another type of gill
Rhinophore: Posterior pair tentacles
Opisthobranchs, Class Gastropod
what replaces gills in Pulmonates? What are Pulmonates? How many tentacles do they have?
lung, a type of gastropod, 1-2 pair
Where is venom produced in Cephalopods?
Salivary Gland
What is the function of the mantle in cehpalopods?
pump water over gills
What kind of circulatory sys do cephalopods have?
Closed
Whats the difference between an open and closed circulatory sys?
Open: blood is distributed directly to organs
Closed: blood is in vessels & travels through different arteries & veins
How does blood circulate in cephalopods?
Branchial hearts to
gills (O2 Pick up) to
systematic heart to
Body (O2 Drop off)
back to Branchial Hearts
What is hemoglobin? What Class of Molluscs have hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin: respritory pigment that carries oxygen
Cephalopds have Hemoglobin
How does axon diameter correlate to speed of nervous sys?
the bigger the diameter the faster the speed due to increased surface area
How do Cephalopds communicate?
Via Chromatophores
What are Chromatophores?
Pigment cells
How is a spermatophore transfered to a female Cephalopod?
Hectocotylus: specialized arm
Summarize the body form of Molluscs.
mantle, foot, shell
Explain how lophophorates feed.
Lophophore: ciliated crown of tentacles which capture food & creat a current toward the mouth which is located in the bottom center of all the tentacles
Explain the feeding biology of typical bivalves.
Filter feeders.
small organic material is captured on the gills and moved toward the mouth by the cilia on the gills, then the labial palps transfer food from the gills to the mouth
Summarize reporductive cycle of clams.
eggs fertilize in tubes when sperm is brought in by incurrent, they then develope into glonchidia larve at which point to becme free swimming and attatch to fish
Explain how anatomy of Cephalopods is adapted for their active life style.
They have chromatophores which are pigment cells. These chromatphores allows cephalopods to change colors and blend in seemlessly with any background. This allows them to hide from predators and also to disguise themselves from prey.
Contrast complete digestive system to gastrovascular system.
IN a complete digestive system there is an anus which makes the organism more efficient b/c it ingestion and defication can occur at the same time
Where as, in a gastrovascular system the waste must exit via the mouth.
Compare and contrast Acoelomate, Coelomate, & Pseudocoelomate body cavities.
Acoelomate: don't have a Coelom, which is a cavity that forms entirely within the mesoderm.
Coelomate: has a fluid filled Coelom completely surrounded by mesoderm.
