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Order of Importance of Energy Types
Oil, Coal, Natural Gas, Biomass, Nuclear, Hydropower, Geothermal, Wind, Solar, Ocean
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Two Established Renewables
- Biomass (most important)
- Hydropower
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New Renewables
- Solar
- Wind
- Geothermal
- Ocean sources
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Fossil Fuel World Percentage
80%
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Fossil Fuel + Nuclear World Percentage
86.5%
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Renewable World Percentage
13.5%
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New Renewable Percentage
1%
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Best renewable for electrical generation:
Hydropower
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Fastest growing renewable source:
Wind
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Why is there limited growth in hydropower?
Because almost all of the rivers are dammed.
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What can be used to collect solar energy?
Photovoltaic Cells; convert solar energy to electrical energy.
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Two types of ocean energy sources:
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Hubert's Peak prediction
Oil production would peak in 1970s.
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ANWR
- Alaska National Wildlife Rescues
- Have oil reserves but could cause damage if you drilled.
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Wind
Fastest growing and most cost effective and efficient energy source.
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When you burn a hydrogen fuel cell, it produces
Water. H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
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How to create a hydrogen fuel cell:
- Use electrolysis to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
- Secondary fuel source.
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When did we peak in gasoline usage?
2006. Now we use ethanol.
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How much of our oil is imported?
67%
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Two ways to produce thermal gas:
Bacteria (biogenically), and pressure (thermogenically).
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Yucka Mountain
Should be place where all nuclear waste goes, but instead the waste stays at each individual nuclear site.
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Why isn't solar power widely used?
Too expensive.
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Problems with geothermal energy:
- Heated water may give out after a while�hotspot moves or aquifer pressure drops.
- Salts in water can corrode equipment.
- Limited to geographic areas where geothermal heating naturally occurs.
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Production and use of fossil fuel accounts for how much of all air pollution and how many dollars in health care costs?
95% of air pollution and $50 billion in US health care costs.
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Major force driving us toward energy transformation (alternative sources):
Enormous buildup of carbon dioxide in atmosphere from buring fossil fuel.
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What are positive aspects aimed at helping the wind energy industry?
- Environmental (pollution free)
- Economic (reduces costs aligned with buying fossil fuel)
- Agricultural (farmers get lease payments)
- Job Creation (designing, building, and maintaining wind turbines)
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How are gas and other products harnessed from gasification?
1: Gas drives an advanced combustion turbine. 2: Recovered heat is used to generate electricity in a steam turbine. 3: Other byproducts generated and sold include sulfuric acid, ammonium chloride, and slag or coal residue for highways.
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What is Vision 21?
Department of Energy's goal of contructing advanced coal gasification plants. Will produce electricity more efficiently with less pollution.
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