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List info documented when accident in facility
- 1. Date
- 2. Time
- 3. What Happened
- 4. Staff members involved
- 5. Witnessed
- 6. Injuries
- 7. Action taken
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Ideal medical office temp
72 degrees
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OSHA
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Can close lab
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CLIA
- Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
- Sets standards for lab testing
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CDC
Center for Disease Control
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Infection Control
- Method used to control spread of disease
- Protect patient and self
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Standard blood / body fluid PRECAUTIONS
- 1. wash hands
- 2. use PPE
- 3. dispose sharps immediately
- 4. properly dispose medical waste
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Medical Waste (red bag)
Any bodily fluid from any source
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Medical Waste (sharps container)
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Standard Universal Precautions
Assume all is contaminated
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Disease Transmition
- 1. need a germ
- 2. need a host (carrier)
- 3. transmission (vector)
- 4. way into body (cut, mucosa, etc...)
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Infection Cycle (break one)
- 1. infectious agent
- 2. reservoir
- 3. portal of exit
- 4. mode of transmission
- 5. portal of entry (feet, mouth, nose, etc)
- 6. susceptible host
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Infection Cycle
Protective Mechanism
- 1. Skin
- 2. Mucos Membranes
- 3. Mechanical (cough, sneeze, tears)
- 4. pH (sweat, urine, stomach, secretions)
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Microorganisms
Disease causing agents (Pathogens)
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Microorganisms (list 5)
- 1. Bacteria
- 2. Viruses
- 3. Protozoa
- 4. Fungi
- 5. Parasites
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Growth requirements for microorganisms
- 1. Normal body temp
- 2. Darkness
- 3. Moisture
- 4. Low pH
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Bacteria (microorganism)
- Aerobic - survives in O2
- Anaerobic - can't survive in O2
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Viruses (microorganism)
Smallest of pathogens
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Protazoa (microorganism)
Single-celled, attach to other organisms
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Fungi (microorganism)
Simple plants, depend on other life forms for nutrition
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Parasites (microorganism)
Type of organism that depends on other organism for nutrition
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Bacteria (shape)
- Cocci - round
- Baccili - rod
- Spirochete - spiral
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Bacteria (grouping)
- Diplo - pairs
- Strepto - chains
- Staphylo - groups
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Bacteria (Gram Stain)
Stain to stick
- - Possitive - purple / violet
- - Negative - pink / red
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Gram Stain Test Order
- 1. Crystal Violet
- 2. Gram's Iodine
- 3. Rinse with Acetone
- 4. Safranin
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Bacteria (Spore Forming)
Capsule like covering to protect self
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Anticeptics
Most common used to clean skin for injection / surgery
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Cleaning Methods
- 1. Sanitation
- 2. Disinfection
- 3. Sterilization
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Sanitation (cleaning method)
- Process of washing and scrubbing to remove material
- - hand washing
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Disinfection (cleaning method)
- Process to remove disease producing microorganisms (pathogens)
- Used on instruments with chemicals
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Sterilization (cleaning method)
- Process of destroying all forms of living organisms (including spores)
- Steam autoclave (good for 30 days)
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Before Gloves
- Wash hands with soap and water
- Inspect for holes, rips, tares
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Asepsis
State of being free of all pathagenic microorganisms
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Medical Asepsis (aseptic technique)
Method used to keep areas free of pathogens
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Surgical Asepsis (aseptic technique)
Way to protect patient from infection (sterile)
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Autoclave
- Uses steam and pressure
- 15 psi
- 250 degrees for 15-20 minutes
- Must sanitize first
- Good for 30 days
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Starilization Indicator (autoclave)
- 1. Muslin wraps secured with indicator tape
- 2. Masking tape that changes color (stripes) when run through autoclave
- 3. Place paper indicator inside with instruments and outside first wrap.
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Instrument Guidelines
- Do not allow body fluids to dry on intruments
- Soak immediately in detergeant solution
- - use solution of neutral pH to prevent corrosion
- - should contain special protein to break down body fluids
- Scrub all surfaces with brush to remove material
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Instrument Grouping Guidelines
- Separate delicate from heavy ones
- Sharp ones from others
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