Common Conditions of the Lungs

An inflammation of the musous membranes of the bronchial tree caused by viruses or bacteria.

Clinical Findings
Cough is initially nonproductive but may become productive after a few days.
Substernal chest pain aggrivated by coughing.
Fever, malaise, tachypnea

An infection of the terminal bronchioles and alveoli.
May be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, myoplasms, or aspiration of gastric secretions.

Clinical Findings
Viral tends to produce a nonproductive cough or clear sputum.
Bacterial tends to produce a productive cough with white, yellow, or green sputum.
Fever, malaise, pleuritic chest pain

A contagious bacterial infection.
Primarily infects the lungs but can also infect the kidneys, bone, lymph node, and meninges.

Clinical Findings
Initial clinical manifestations may include fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, night sweats, and fever.
Later, a cough that becomes increasingly frequent, producing a mucopurulent sputum

An accumulation of fluid in the pleural spaces between the visceral and parietal pleurae.

Clinical Findings
Depends on the fluid accumulation and position of patient.
Large amount of fluid could cause dyspnea, intercostal bulging, or decreased chest wall movement.

Characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway obstruction, or inflammation in response to inhalation of allergens or pollutants, infection, cold air, or emotional stress.

Clinical Findings
Increased respiratory rate with prolonged expiration.
Audible wheezing, dyspne, tachycardia, use of accessory muscles, and cough

Destruction of the alveolar walls that causes permanent abnormal enlargement of the air spaces

Clinical Findings
Underweight individual with a barrel chest that becomes short of breath with minimal exertion.

Hypersecretion of mucus by goblet cells in the trachea and bronchi resulting in a productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive years.

Clinical Findings
Productive cough
Increased mucus production
Dyspnea

Collapsed alveoli caused by external pressure from a tumor, fluid, or air in the pleural spaces.

Clinical Findings
The affected lobe has diminished breath sounds
O2 sat less than 90%

Uncontrolled growth of anaplastic cells in the lung

Clinical Findings
Persistent cough
Weight loss
Congestion
Wheezing
Hemoptysis
Labored breathing
Dyspnea