Ch. 3 Dixon

foreign substances against which the immune system defends the body
mainly proteins

occurs as a result of part of an individuals own body becomes antigens

Cells involved in the immune response:

Eosinophils

Mast Cells

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

the 1° WBC’s involved in immune response
they recognize/respond to antigens
NK cell – viral infections

from stem cells in bone marrow
they mature in lymphatic tissue (lymph nodes)

what are the 2 types of B lymphocytes?

produces specific antibody needed to fight the antigen

antibody also called

what are the specific immunoglobulins?

antibody combines with?

renders the antigen inactive

lab test to determine the level of a specific antibody in the blood

2nd type of B lymphocyteRetains the memory of previously

increase the functioning of B -lymphocytes and enhances the antibody response

suppress the functioning of the B lymphocytes and T-Killer cells that are active in surveillance against virally infected cells or tumor cells

lymphocytes produce?

lymphocytes produce lymphokines which:

What are the 3 lymphokines?

stimulates WBC’s population growth

distruction of fibroblast

antiviral activites

phagocytosis
-link between the inflammatory and immune responses
-can act as antigen – presenting cells

can occur naturally or can be acquired
-via vaccination
-“immunization”
-sometimes requires a booster (example tetanis)

-using antibodies produced by another person to protect an
individual from infectious disease
-antibody from another passes through the placenta to a developing fetus
-bone marrow transplant

study of immune reactions involved in disease

allergic reactions with exaggerated responses and tissue destruction

-occurs immediately after exposure to a previously encountered antigen. (Penicillin)
-IgE causes mast cells to release Histamine
-can be life threatening because patient may not be able to breath
-examples: hayfever, Asthma

-antibody combines with an antigen bound to the surface of tissue cells
-incompatible blood transfusions
-Rhesus incompatibiltiy (Rh)
-Ex: autoimmune hemolytic anemia

mother’s antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the newborn’s RBC’s

-immune complexes are formed between microorganisms and antibody in circulating blood
-causes phagocytosis/death of the neutrophils with the release of lysosomal enzymes causing tissue destruction
-example: systemic lupus erythematosus

-“delayed hypersensitivity” – cell-mediated response
- tuberculin test (PPD) [Mantoux]
-skin reaction occurs if the individual tested has previously been exposed to the organism causing TB
-responsible for the rejection of tissue grafts/transplanted organs

-type of immunopathologic condition that involves a deficiency in
number, function, or interrelationships of the involved WBC’s and their products
-AIDS

canker sores or aphthous stomatitis
3 types of aphthous – minor, major, and herpetiform
most common type of ulcer – 20% of population
trauma is most common precipitating factor

systemic diseases associated with aphthous ulcers:

-Most common type
-surfaced by a yellowish-white fibrin covering surrounded by a halo of erythema
-ulcers occur on movable mucosa, tongue, and soft palate
-more common in anterior part of the mouth
-begins with a prodromal period of 1-2 days – burning, itching, soreness
-single or multiple lesions
-heal spontaneously in 7-10 days
-treat symptomatically – Tylenol, anesthetics (topical), some topical steroids (lidex) [pallative]

-larger than 1cm in diameter and are deeper and last longer than minor
-occur in posterior part of the mouth
-may require biopsy for dx
-several weeks to heal with scarring
-some require systemic steroids