IR and the Sea 3/3

Home

Get App

Create

Mirine Envirionment - standards
- shift over time
- leads the way for terrestrial environment
how does the marine environmnet standards shift over time?
- from 'not knowing pollute'
- to due dilligence
what does due dilligence mean

you have to know the laws
when was the trail smelter case

1941
when was the corfu channel case

1946
Trail Smelter Case - 1941
- fumes from smelter in Canada cause damage in US
- 1s International law case on pollution
- ICJ uses US law as basis - no precident in international law
- finding: No state can cause injury in another state
Corfu Channel Case - 1946
- Albania and Corsica across from each other
- British trip through channel causes problems
3 incidents in 1946
- brittish in straight fired on from shore
- on 2nd passage 2 ships strike mines
- Brittish clear mines in albanian waters
ICJ Decisions
- 1st - was innocent
- 2nd - Albania owed brittian damages for ships hitting mine; should have warned mariners of hazards in waters
- 3rd - Brittish mine clearing in albanian waters was illegal
- finally got resolved 2 years ago - finally repirations paid
- standard of pollution
Corfu Channel Case OUtcomes
- Albania was wrong not to warn of danger caused by mines in it's waters
- states have a duty to ensure environmental hazards are warned
UNCLOSE I 1958
- discharge of oil from ships or piplines
- radioactive waste - started building nuclear powered subs
- continental shelf opperations must protect living resources
1978 Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environmnet
- "states shall take all possible steps to prevent pollution of the seas"
- "states may not cause damage to the environmnet of other states or of areas beyond their national jursidiction"
UNCLOS III
- toxic materials from land or atmosphere
- pollution from ships
- contintal shelf opperations
toxic materials from land or atmosphere
- river go into mexico
- hot water - destroy marine environmnet
- atmosphere - fossil fuel power plants
where does hot water come from

nuclear powered plants
continental shelf operations
- oil
- off coast of Africa many more serious oils spills, just no press
Standards of pollution
- regional or global
- LDC's - you got ahead because you had no standards
Exxon Valdez - 1989
- trying to stop oil
- still trying to clean up
Ship Pollution
- pumping billages
- cary a lot of feul
- can get within 24 miles
- oily bilges
- became very serious with lots of ships
cary a lot of feul
- as it burns fuel = less balast
- take feul down low doesn't come back up
- take in ballast - salt water in feul tank
- need to pump out salt water to put in more feul
Cruise Ship Pollution
- black water
- gray water
- solid waste
- hazardous materials
- ballast
- bilges
balck water

toliets
greywater
- dishwater
- basisns
- soaps
- chemicals
soild waste

eg toss a champange bottle
What makes cruse ships dangerous polutants and examples
- when they congregate in places
- haze in alaska and amsterdam
- key west
USS Seawolf
- sodumn cooled nuclear reactor proved unsafe and was dumped at sea off Delaware bay in 1959
- largest radioactive object ever dumped
- subsequent attmepst to find it were unsuccesful
Freedom of Navigation
- warship immunity
- boarding and sizure
warship immunity
- military personel
- only flag state has jurisdiction over warship
- many bound in territorial seas/contiguous zone
boarding and seizure
- slavery, piracy, narcotics, broadcasting
- no flage
- flage of same state
overflight of high seas
- air defense and identification zone
- can be asked ot identify yourself
What does ADIZ stand for?

Air defense and identification zone
Submarine cables
- still used
- most of internet
- a lot of law about not interfearing with cables
SOSUS Cables
- underwater listening cables - microphones
- most audio technology
- find info in previous audio
- still around
Scientfic Research
- ABE - automatic benthic exploer
- share this technology
- want to forbid exploration in benthic EEZ
What is ABE

automatic benthic exploer

Author

green29dive5

71413

Card Set

IR and the Sea 3/3

Description

IR and the Sea 3/3

Updated

2011-03-07T23:56:32Z

Show Answers