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IR and the Sea 3/3
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Mirine Envirionment - standards
shift over time
leads the way for terrestrial environment
how does the marine environmnet standards shift over time?
from 'not knowing pollute'
to due dilligence
what does due dilligence mean
you have to know the laws
when was the trail smelter case
1941
when was the corfu channel case
1946
Trail Smelter Case - 1941
fumes from smelter in Canada cause damage in US
1s International law case on pollution
ICJ uses US law as basis - no precident in international law
finding
: No state can cause injury in another state
Corfu Channel Case - 1946
Albania and Corsica across from each other
British trip through channel causes problems
3 incidents in 1946
brittish in straight fired on from shore
on 2nd passage 2 ships strike mines
Brittish clear mines in albanian waters
ICJ Decisions
1st - was innocent
2nd - Albania owed brittian damages for ships hitting mine; should have warned mariners of hazards in waters
3rd - Brittish mine clearing in albanian waters was illegal
finally got resolved 2 years ago - finally repirations paid
standard of pollution
Corfu Channel Case OUtcomes
Albania was wrong not to warn of danger caused by mines in it's waters
states have a duty to ensure environmental hazards are warned
UNCLOSE I 1958
discharge of oil from ships or piplines
radioactive waste - started building nuclear powered subs
continental shelf opperations must protect living resources
1978 Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environmnet
"states shall take all possible steps to prevent pollution of the seas"
"states may not cause damage to the environmnet of other states or of areas beyond their national jursidiction"
UNCLOS III
toxic materials from land or atmosphere
pollution from ships
contintal shelf opperations
toxic materials from land or atmosphere
river go into mexico
hot water - destroy marine environmnet
atmosphere - fossil fuel power plants
where does hot water come from
nuclear powered plants
continental shelf operations
oil
off coast of Africa many more serious oils spills, just no press
Standards of pollution
regional or global
LDC's - you got ahead because you had no standards
Exxon Valdez - 1989
trying to stop oil
still trying to clean up
Ship Pollution
pumping billages
cary a lot of feul
can get within 24 miles
oily bilges
became very serious with lots of ships
cary a lot of feul
as it burns fuel = less balast
take feul down low doesn't come back up
take in ballast - salt water in feul tank
need to pump out salt water to put in more feul
Cruise Ship Pollution
black water
gray water
solid waste
hazardous materials
ballast
bilges
balck water
toliets
greywater
dishwater
basisns
soaps
chemicals
soild waste
eg toss a champange bottle
What makes cruse ships dangerous polutants and examples
when they congregate in places
haze in alaska and amsterdam
key west
USS Seawolf
sodumn cooled nuclear reactor proved unsafe and was dumped at sea off Delaware bay in 1959
largest radioactive object ever dumped
subsequent attmepst to find it were unsuccesful
Freedom of Navigation
warship immunity
boarding and sizure
warship immunity
military personel
only flag state has jurisdiction over warship
many bound in territorial seas/contiguous zone
boarding and seizure
slavery, piracy, narcotics, broadcasting
no flage
flage of same state
overflight of high seas
air defense and identification zone
can be asked ot identify yourself
What does ADIZ stand for?
Air defense and identification zone
Submarine cables
still used
most of internet
a lot of law about not interfearing with cables
SOSUS Cables
underwater listening cables - microphones
most audio technology
find info in previous audio
still around
Scientfic Research
ABE - automatic benthic exploer
share this technology
want to forbid exploration in benthic EEZ
What is ABE
automatic benthic exploer
Author
green29dive5
ID
71413
Card Set
IR and the Sea 3/3
Description
IR and the Sea 3/3
Updated
2011-03-07T23:56:32Z
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