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Injections: What is it?
- infustion method of putting liquid into the body with a syringe and a hollow needle that punctures the skin
- a "shot"
- a needle
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Enteral
- desired effect is systemic (non-local) - the effect is going somewhere else
- substance is given via digestive tract
- 3 primary paths
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3 Primary Paths for Enteral Drug
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How many routes of administration does the FDA recognize?
111
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Enteral Drugs
- Oral - tablets, capsules, syrups
- Rectal - suppositories & enemas
- Buccal - Anesthetic & meds
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Enteral Advantages
- Administers nutrition
- most are timed release (known through research)
- evenly spread
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Enteral Disadvantages
- No immediate effect
- Not effective if the animal is vomiting or has diarrea
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Topical
- Applied directly to the area (most commonly the skin)
- generally over the counter
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Different Types of Topical
- Creams, ointments, lotions
- Pastes, powders, plasters
- Solutions, sprays, suspensions, emulsions
- skin, eye drops, ear drops
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Inhalents
in-between drug cateogory
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Concentration of Drug
- amount of drug in a given volume
- more important than dose so you can apply more
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Dosage
specific amount in a given time frame
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Advantage of Topical
- easy to apply
- non invasive
- cheap (relatively)
- not dose dependent
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Disadvantage of Topical
- can't control the dosage
- tend to be messy
- all have a scent
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Disadvantage of Inhalent
- can be addictive
- difficult to regulate dose
- don't always work
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Parenteral
- Most routes of administration - routes other than the GI/digestive tract and usually systemic target areas
- injection
- dose is more important than the concentration
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Parenteral History
- Hypodermic needle invented in 1851 by the French
- Helped war patients
- Discovered drugs from plants - Opium and morphine
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What does cocaine do?
Constricts the blood vessel and is used in bloody surgeries
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Common Sites for Parenteral Routes
IC, SQ, IV, IP, IM, ID
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IC (IA)
Intracardiac/ Intrarteria
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Less Common Sites:
Parenteral Routes
- Brain
- Intraspinal/ Intrathecal
- Intramedullary/ Intraosseous
- Intra-articualr
- Intratracheal
- Intrathoracic
- Intrapleura
- Hilar
- Hypodermoclysis
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