ch 8 vocab.txt

rod-shaped sturctures made of DNA and proteins

proteins which DNA is wrapped tightly around in eukaryotic cells

one half of a chromosome

the point where two chromatids are attached to make a chromosome

uncondesed, less tightly packed DNA-protein complex

last chromosome that determines the sex of an organism

chromosomes that carry the genes of organisms

two copies of the same autosome

a picture showing the chromosomes

cells having two sets of chromosmes; produced by MITOSIS

cells having one set of chromosomes; produced by MEIOSIS

cell division in prokaryotic cells

eukaryotic cell division that results in new cells with indentical genetic material to its parents; produces diploid cells

eukaryotic cell division that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes than its parents; produces haploid cells

production of offspring from one parent

a haploid reproductive cell formed in Meiosis

the time between cell divisions

process where the cell divides at the cytoplasm

first stage of mitosis; coiling of DNA; disappearing nucleus; forming of spindle fibers

made of microtubules

second phase of mitosis; chromosomes move to the center of the cell

third phase of mitosis; chromatids separate at the centromere and move towards opposite poles

fourth step of mitosis; chromosomes reach opposite poles; spindle fibers dissasembles; nucleus is recreated

spot where cells divide during cytokinesis in ANIMALS

spot where cells divide during cytokinesis in PLANTS

the pairing of homologous chromosomes in meiosis

each pair of homologous chromosomes in synapsis

portions of chromatids break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on homologous chromosomes

a new mixture of genetic material in meiosis created after crossing-over

the random separation of the homologouse chromosomes in Anaphase I

the production of sperm cells

the production of mature egg cells

three products of oogenesis that eventually regenerate

the production of offspring through meiosis and the union of a sperm and an egg