-
History of Psychotherapy
- - Western values laden
- - neglected culture and its influence
- - White, male, middle-class
- - individualism
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Factors that led to Multicultural Theory as a Fourth Force (Pages
5-8)
- - Civil Rights, feminists movements, anthropology, and
- sociology: role of oppression and racism
- - early termination, mistrust
- -1- inclusion of social justice, community psychology,
- and critical psychology
- -2- other dimensions of diversity/muliplicity (social class)
- -3- language shift: minority/majority to
- dominant/aubordinate (privilage and power)
- -4- diversity with two meanings: differences and inequality
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Cultural Competence
- - awareness of importance of culture
- - self-awareness
- - knowledge (differences/similarities, values,
- beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors)
- - skills fit in with framework of client
-
Implications for Professionals (Construct of Race) Page 70
- -1- its influence on clients functioning
- -2- may be subtle or overt
- -3- perspectives about mental health/well-being
- -4- initiate discussion
- -5- experience of racism
- -6- intersection with other variables (gender)
- -7- racial/ethnic identity as part of assessment
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*Cross (African-Americans)
- -1- preencounter - assimilation/pro-American
- -2- miseducation - self-hatred
- -3- encounter - exprience (confusion/depression/alarm)
- -4- immersion/emersion - overromanticized Black culture/anti-White
- -5- internalization - empower the Black community
- (nationalist)/self-acceptance (bicultural)
-
*Helm (Whites)
- -1- contact - unaware/deny
- -2- disintegration - conflict
- -3- reintegration - anti-minority
- -4-peudo-independence - superficial/intellectual anti-racism
- -5- immersion - as one's own
- -6- emersion - new identity
- -7-autonomy - rejection of privilege/activism
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Oppression
- - asymmetric power relationship
- - systemic, structural
- - not an individual action, but the result of practice
- of power
- - tied to race, gender, sexual orientation,...
- - impeding autonomy/self-determination
-
*Hardiman
- -1- lack of social consciousness -
- indoctrination/uncomfortable but not negative
- -2- acceptance - socialization
- -3- resistance - challenging transition/seek info (embarrassment)
- -4- redefinition - search for a new id, accept, and aware
- of limitations
- -5- internalization - positive id/help others
-
*Rowe/Bennet/Atkinson
- -1- achieved types - some explorationn
- -2- dominative - White superiority
- -3- conflictive - not support racism but not want to change
- -4- reactive - anti-racism speech/unaware of one's own
- -5- integrative - understanding/positive id
- -6- unachieved - disinterest/unaware
- -7- avoidant - minimize
- -8- dependent - as others tell
- -9- dissonant - conflicts but not know what to do
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