MSA1: 1-2 Terminolgy, Skeletal System

The study of structure

Study of function

The study of disease

The study of movement

• Provide Shape, protection, and form for our bodies
• Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments (and tendons)
• 206 Bones
• Axial Skeleton
• Appendicular Skeleton

• Anatomical Position that allows for movement
• 3 types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Standing erect, feet forward with palms facing forward and arms at side, feet 6-8 inches apart

*note- neutral position varies in that the arms arms at side of body with palms facing inward

• Ventral
• Toward the front

• Dorsal
• Toward the back

• closer to the middle
• divides into right and left halves

toward the side, away from midline

Same side

• Opposite Side
• eg: SCM contralateral flexion

closer to the trunk (extremities)

Further from the trunk (extremities)

Near the surface

outward near the surface

parts that are more internal

refers to bottom of foot

top of foot, back of hand

palm of hand

• toward the head
• superior

• farther from head
• inferior

attachment of muscle, usually closer to head (anchor of muscle)

• attachment of a muscle usually further from head
• usually the 'moving' end

division of body to left and right portions

• horizontal plane
• division of body into top and bottom portions

• Frontal Plane
• division of body into front and back portions

• Long - humerus
• Short - wrist and ankle bones
• Irregular - vertebrae
• Flat - scapula
• Round/Sesamoid - patella

• Long longitudinal axis
• expanded ends
• allow for increased movement
• eg: forearm, thigh

• cube like
• length x width= roughly equal
• little movement

• plate like with broad surfaces
• eg: sternum, ribs, some skull bones

• variety of shapes
• usually connected to other bones
• eg: vertebrae, many facial bones

• small and nodular
• embedded within the tendons adjacent to jnts

Shape and Function

• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis
• Articular Cartilage/Hyaline Cartilage
• Periosteum

• expanded portion of long bone at each end
• articulates with another bone

• coats the articular surface of epiphysis
• "white grizzle"

• Shaft of long bone, between epiphyses

• tough, fibrous vascular tissue which is continuous with tendons and ligaments
• functions in formation and repair of bone tissue

• Support and Protection: give shape, support body weight, protect brain
• Body Movement: bones and muscles interact during movement
• bones act as levers

206

• Axial
• Appendicular

Head, neck, and trunk

• (axial skeleton)
• comprised of cranium and facial bones

• (axial skeleton)
• vertebrae separated by vertebral discs, sacrum, and coccyx

• (axial skeleton)
• 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

upper and lower limbs, bones that anchor limbs to axial skeleton

• (appendicular skeleton)
• scapula and clavicle

• (appendicular skeleton)
• Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

• (appendicular skeleton)
• Coxal bones (hip bones) and Pelvis

• (appendicular skeleton)
• femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

a tooled used to examine and explore any area of the body through skilled touch

• Locating the structure
• Becoming aware of it's characteristics
• Assessing its quality or condition to determine how best to treat it

• Move slowly
• Avoid using excessive pressure
• Focus your awareness on what you are feeling

• Making Contact
• Working Harder vs Working Smarter
• Less is More
• Rolling and Strumming
• Movement vs Stillness

• Upper body=centered over hips, NOT in front of kness
• Neck= on top of shoulders
• Legs= Spread wide with weight on back
• Hips= facing direction of stoke
• Arms= relaxed in front of body
• Fingers/Thumbs= avoid hyperextension, use "W" when possible