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garlic
(allicin) a phytochemical that may lower cholestol and make platelets less adhesive.
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salmon
fresh or canned is one of the best sources of Omega-3 fatty acids which aids in heart health and help with arthritis.
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tomatoes
lycopene can aid in lowering the risks for some cancers and heart disease.
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structures of the immune system
- *thymus(wbc)
- *spleen (LUQ)(live w/or w/o)
- *lymph system (continous flushing)
- *bone marrow
- *WBC (Fixed,organ. Wondering, looking for problem)
- *antibodies(disease fighting protein)
- *complement system
- *hormones
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intact skin
an important part of the immune system. It acts as a primary boundary between germs and your body.
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skin
tough and generally impermeable to bacteria and viruses.
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respiratory system
nose, mouth, and eyes are obvious entry points for germs.
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Whats found in tears and mucus that brakes down the cell wall of many bacteria?
tears and mucus contains an enzyme(lysozyme) that brakes down the cell wall of many bacteria.
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B Cells
- ( B lymphocytes)
- *When stimulated, mature into plasma cells, these are the cells that produce antibodies.
- *Produce memory and antibodies.
- *start in the marrow but migrate thru the blood stream to the thymus and mature there;because of exposure to the hormone thymosin, which is secreted by the thymus.
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B Cell
identifies a specific germ, and when the germ is present in the body the B cell clones itself and produces millions of antibodies designed to eliminate the germs.
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T Cells
- *all T Cells have CD3 ( cluster of designation) receptor complexes and various other CD antigens.
- *destroy cells containing the antigen they are specific for.
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Cytotoxic T-Cells
- very aggressive WBC.
- once activated, cytotoxic T-Cell (TC-Cell) begin dividing to produce more TC-Cells, and TC-memory cells.
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suppressor T-Cells
- (TS-Cells)
- produce inhibitory cytokines for T-Cells and B-Cells.
- keeps homeostasous stable.
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antigen
(non self) foreign to the body (varicella, tetanus, HIV, HBV, influenza, streptococci).
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antibody
disease fighting protein produced by the immune system form the presence of a specific antigen.
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antigen-antibody reaction
binding of antigens and antibodies to complexes.
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immunoglobulins (antibodies)
- *IgG most abundant of the antibodies and are found in the blood serum and lymph. Fight against antigens.
- *IgA fights agianst ingested antigens and are found in saliva, sweat, or tears.
- *IgM first antibodies to appear in responce to initial exposure to an antigen.
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active immunity
vaccines are used for health purposes to expose our bodies to a particular antigen.(tetnus, immunacation shots).
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passive immunity
acquired naturally happens when a mother transfer antibodies to her offspring via placental route during pregnancy and colostrum during breastfeeding.
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aquired immunity
- *is not present at birth, it is learned.
- *as a person's immune system encounters foreign substances(antigens) the components of acquied immunity learn the best way to attack each antigen and begin to develope a memory for that antigen.
- *aka specific immunity because it tailors its attack to a specific antigen previously encountered.
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lymph nodes
- (bean shape)(stationary tissue) contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens.
- -range in size from a few millimeters to about 1-2cm in there normal state.
- *500-600 lymph nodes thru out your body.
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spleen
- major filtration for the blood.
- (LUQ) of the abdomen and is to the left of the stomach.
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appendix
is a 3 1/2in long tube of tissue that extends from the large intestine.
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thymus
- *prepares the leukocytes for battle with the maturation process of them into T-Cells.
- *superior to the heart,composed largly made of lymphoid tissue, is an endocrine gland that assists the immune system.
- *the thymus that lymphocytes mature, multiply, and become T-cells (T for Thymus).
- *Tcell maturation is regulated by hormones produced by the thymus, including thymopoietin and thymosin.
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peyer's patches
- these are lymphoid follicles similar in many ways to lymph nodes. B-Cells are present and help us defend the body.
- *collection of large oval lymph tissues that are located in the mucus-secreting lining of the human small intestine.
- *lymph nodules located walls of ileum, small intestine.
- *named for the seventeenth century Swiss anatomist, Hans Conrad Peyer.
- *30-40 patches or bundles in an individuals intestine.
- *high concentration of wbc that help protect the body from infections and diseases.
- *detect antigens such as bacteria and toxins. Bcells go to wk.
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lymph nodes
- *filter fluids, catching viruses, bacteria and other unknown materials. thenyour unique WBC destroy the unwanted materials.
- *approximately 500-600 lymph nodes thru out your body.
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ruptured appendix
will be preceded by extreme abdominal pain that often starts near the belly button and then migrates to the lower right portion of the abdomen.
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structures of the lymphatic system
- lymph
- lymphatic vessels
- ducts
- lymph nodes
- additional:
- tonsils
- thymus
- spleen
- lacteals
- peyers patches
- vermiform appendix
- lymphocytes(wbc)
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natural immunity
passed thru mother to her fetus( developing child) before birth. Last only short time.
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