____ min to ___ hour _____ a dental procedure, a prophylaxis should be administered
30 min to 1 hour
when MUST an antibiotic be taken?
within 2 hours. able to be taken AFTER the procedure!
if your patient has had a coronary artery bypass graft or stents, should they premed with an antibiotic?
NO!
if a patient is taking anticoagulants, but needs to premed for their appt, which route should NOT be used?
IM injection
if a pt is already taking an antibiotic (amox), what should they take to prevent IE? More amox?
NO! they should take clindamycin or macrolide
why would someone taking amoxicillin, why would a cephalosporin not be indicated?
because the chemical structure is close to penicillins
pts with systemic lupus erythematosus or a phen-fen user often manifest immune-medicated cardiac valvular damage and have an increased risk for developing ___
IE
antibacterial prophylaxis not routinely recommended, and consult with a physician if they have had a ________within 2 years or if they are a child. which group is this?
splenectomy
if they have had their spleen removed
what should be done if someone with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) comes into the office before elective oral health care is considered?
refer for medical evaluation
how do you know if an end-stage renal disease or an organ transplant pt needs an antibacterial prophylaxis? how do you know the specific regimen to choose?
determined in a consultation with the client's physician
when should an antibiotic be considered for a pt with HIV to treat?
when <500 PMN/mm3 is reported. elective dental tx should be delayed until blood values improve above this level (call physician)
metronidazole + alcohol =
BAD!
t/f it was reported that more individuals died from developing IE than taking an antibiotic
FALSE! they died from taking an antibiotic than developing IE
why should pt's taking metronidazole not be taken alcohol because it causes _______ (antabuse) effect of ____, abdominal cramps, and _______
disulfiram
nausea
vomiting
alcohol + CHX should be avoided when when someone is taking _________
metronidiazole
t/f if a female is taking an oral contraceptive, and needs antibiotics, who recommends that they use other forms of birth controls during this time?
AMA (american medical association)
t/f does rifampin for TB reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives?
YES
oral antibacterial agents and _________ often cause GI disturbances such as acute onset of nausea, retching (make the sound and movement of vomiting), and vomiting
macrolides
antibacterial agents are a common cause of _______
diarrhea
if someone is taking an antibacterial agent, and complains of bloody diarrhea with lower cramping, this can eventually lead to ____________ _________ if not changed immediately!
pseudomembranous colitis
which antibacterial agents are dangerous for possible pseudomembranous colitis???
clindamycin = Cleocin (and lincomycin cause fatality!)
t/f superinfection is possible with most antibacterial agents taken more than a few days
true
_______ can cause black pigmentation of bone and bluish mucosa
minocycline (for acne)
several antibacterial agents can cause ____ to ____ staining of mucosa and teeth
brown to black
t/f there is no firm evidence that any agent is teratogenic when antibacterial drugs are used during pregnancy
true
what is the most allergenistic antibiotic?
Penicillin
if someone has an allergic rxn with penicillin that ends up to be anaphylactic shock, what should be administered to save them from dying?
epipen (epinephrine) 1:1,000 injected IM
t/f allergic rxns tend to occur for the first time in ____ or ____-aged adults
young
middle
(younger = greater)
The patient who has had a TJR 1 year ago is returning for oral prophylaxis. All of the following drugs may be prescribed for antibiotic prophylaxis except one. Which one is the exception?
C) Azithromycin (macrolide) which is not used in TRJ
Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin) are not included in rec. for _____ prophylaxis