Juvinelle Delinq

C Kempe

repeated intentional injuries inflected by parents

Activtism and 1974 Child Abuse and Prevention Act

It was on the increase

Physical Abuse

sexual abuse

Boys

5-11

younger child abuse may not be discovered due to them not being at school yet and can't report child abuse. Older children tend to runaway or fight back instead of reporting.

no difference across racial line in abuse, however, lower income is at more risk for abuse

disregard the physical, emotional, and moral needs of children.

malnurishment, without proper supervision/shelter, ill/lacking medical care, emotional neglect/not feeling loved, failure to attend school, exploiting children, emotionally disturbed, exposure to demoralizing and unwholesome circumstances.

Study of mothers in North Carolina and Georgia who were accused of neglect.

• Apathetic- emotionally numb, no love, futile mother
• Impulse- abadondon their kids to have fun
• Mentally Retarded Mother- Doesn't understand how to mother.
• Reaction-depressive Mother- Proccupied with the loss of a loved one or other tramatic exerience
• Borderline/Psychotic Mother- caught up in fantasies, may forget about the children or try to include them in their fantasy

Mother's immaturity

The Child Neglect Index

Supervision, food/nutrition, clothing/hygiene, physical health, mental health, developmental care

intentional behavior directed to a child by parents/caretakers to cause pain, injury or death

it is abuse, and may work short term but will not work long term. Mothers tend to hit more, works as a cycle,

• 1) Works better than anything else
• 2) If you don't spank the child you will spoil them
• 3) It does not harm the child

Lack of expressed love and attention, as well as deliberate withholding of attention or approval, Contact.

• 1) Stuctural Factors- social class could play a role
• 2) Mental illness of parents
• 3) The cycle, history of abuse as a child
• 4) Transcendtory factors- drugs, alcohol
• 5) Demanding Child- Parents do not know how ato handle

• Runaways- get away from abuse
• Disruptive behaviors is school
• Drug/Alcohol abuse
• Promescuity/Sexual Behavior
• Violence/Abusive Expression

Protection

Police officer

gather evidence and accompany the Police Officer

must be clear evidence of abuse and parents do have a right to raise their children

• Women are inferior to men
• Women are unable to feel pain (insensitive to the pain of others and lack moral refinement)

• Women are characterized as passive conservative just like the egg they carry
• Women are born with feminine characteristics which make them dull
• The Female delinquent is born with more manly characteristics, this combined with female characteristics makes female criminals more vicious than men

• Maybe physical overdevelopment leads to earlier attention to sex
• Women in prison tend to be overweight
• Menstration is a constant reminder than they will never be men and leds to frustration crime

• Men have a Katabolic force- more active aggressive
• Women have an Anabolic force- motionless, nathargic, conservative.

Female Delinquency is connected to desire for new experiences, security, recognition and response, sex can be used by females as a form of human capital

• Women have penis envy and want to be a male
• They adapt by having a baby however, the female that does not adapt and overcome the envy become delinquent

• may be trying to avoid homosexual surrender, or revenge against the mother
• May be trying to restore reality for an emotionaly alienated female, attach themselves to others

Society is more leniant on females, and they act in roles we do not link with crime. I.E. Nurse, Housekeeper

Women are inherintly deceitful and instigators

Blocked Opportunity Theory- opportunities to achieve goals are blocked, therefore leads to delinquencies as an alternative. This is more general for men- the breadwinners

She suggests that women are more likely to react to such blocked opportunites

• Rise in crime for females due to the lack of opportunities.
• Women have the same goals but less opportunity.
• Some women may pick up traditionally male delinquent acts shifting from promiscuity to more violent and drug acts.

Sexual orientation- the way we raise girls, they are more supervised

• Females:
• Most likely to commit a delinquent act in a mixed sex environment
• 2nd most likely when they are alone
• 3rd most likely when they are with a group of females
• 4th pair of females
• 5th 1 girl and a group of males
• Lastly, 1 boy and 1 girl (relationship status)

moral evaluations. They care what peers think.

John Hagen claims that mothers gained power relative to the husband as they began to Work.

male dominated

Treat girls equal to boys- giving girls more freedom thus reducing crime

60% of street prostitues had been sexual abused

• They are percieved to be engaged in a sexual type of activity therefore discrimenated
• Girls expected of Status offenses more likely to be referred to court

younger females received harsher punishment than older females for same delinquent acts as police tend to take on a paternal stance.

Black girls resisted the anglo saxon norm of being feminine, not wanting to act like a white girl they would become loud, assertive and lead to dropping out and problems

• Single or two parent families
• Small or Large families

• relationships of the home:
• Parents with each other
• Parents with the children

1924, the broken home is key to explaining delinquency

• higher in the broken home by 10-15 percent.
• Stronger for minor forms and status offenses.
• Stronger for families broken by divorce over death.
• Age of child at the time of breakup insignificant.
• Stepparents were not a factor

Children born in the middle more likely to be delinquent and they may feel left out.

• Children of large families more likely to be delinquent:
• Difficult to supervise large families
• Parents tend to delegate responsibilities
• Larger families more at risk for social problems like poverty

• Happiness of marriage is key
• Good marital relationships and strong family cohesiveness key to preventing delinquency

Lower delinquency in boys who have a relationship with their fathers

• Strict parenting, being laxed, or being unfair all leds to delinquency
• Disciplinary role of the father makes the biggest difference in explaining delinquency

1st 29% of abused/ neglected kids ended up with serious criminal records as an older adult compared to 21% of non abused kids.

2nd Maltreated children ended with more juvenile arrests, more likely to be arrested for violent crime

250 kids received 328 seperate floggings in one week about 65 floggings a day

• Poor achievment
• lack of funding
• Crime in Schools

• Failed to provide an orderly, safe environment
• Authoritarian/ repressive school atmosphere

• According to Violent Schools-Safe Schools Report of 1978:
• Secondary school pupils attacked at school often leading to injury
• 36% of all assaults on adolescence occured at school
• Items were getting stolen in value of over 10 dollars

• Violence became increased and teachers became victims to assault.
• 1980 Study of Inner City LA Teachers:
• Teachers directly being threatened by students.
• Locker searches revealed weapons and drugs
• Number of violent crimes in and around schools remained high

• Third of students had been threatened at school grades 8-10
• Seventh had been Robbed or Assaulted
• Half of the males and a Quarter of females had been in a fist fight
• 7 percent males claim to carry a knife to school

• 1993 Center for Disease Control Study:
• 9-12 graders would miss school due to fear of what might happen to them at school
• 32 percent fearful enough to carry a weapon
• Violent Crimes in and around schools increased since mid 1980s

• 49% had seen a weapon at school
• 39% had experienced gang intimidation
• 38% had seen a shooting go to or from school

dramatic decrease

• Gangs recruited new members by means of intimidation and violence
• Rival gangs often brought violence to school events
• Gangs assualted teachers, students, and brought weapons and drugs to school

Those who dropped out had significantly higher delinquency rates while in schools, however once they left school delinquency behavior declined

• non homogeneous and offered three reasons for dropouts:
• Short term vs Long tern reasons
• School vs No School reasons
• The impact of personal, financial or environmental reasons

intimacy and communication

If associated with delinquency, will likely commit delinquent acts

• More Males bringing guns to school
• More Blacks bringing guns to school
• 17-18 age group bringing more guns to school
• Both Single and Two Parent arrangments bringing guns to school
• High Income students bringing guns to school
• Gang members bringing guns to school
• Schools near Central Cities experience more guns at school