PSYC Ch.6

the complete set of genes and organism posesses (about 25,000 in humans)

the notion that we can design the future of human species by fostering the reproduction of persons with certain traits and by discouraging of persons without those traits.

refers to the fact that individuals vary, or are differeent from eachother, and this variability can be partitioned into percentages that are due to different causes

is a statistic that refers to the proportion of observed variance in a group of individuals that can be accounted for by genetic variance

refers to observed individual differences, such as height, weight or personality

refers to individual differences in the total collection of genes posseed by each person

percentage observed varienance in a group of individuals that cna be attributed to environmental (nongenetic) differences

the arguments about wether genes or environments are more important determinants of personality

correlate the degree of genetic relatedness amoung family members with the degree of perosnality similarity and capitalize on the fact that there are known degrees of genetic overlap among family members

estimate heritability by gauging whether identical twins, who share 100% of their genes are more similar to eachother than fraternal twins who only share 50% of their genes

identical

fraternal twins

examine correlations between adopted children and their adoptive parents, whom they share no genes

refers to the differential response of individuals with diffeent genotypes to the same environment

the differntial exposure of individuals with different genotypes

occurs when parents provide both genes and the environment to the children, yet the children do nothing to obtain that environment

occurs whn parents (or others) respond to children differently depending on the childrens genotypes

occurs when a person with a particular genotype creates or seeks out a particulare environment

techniques designed to identify the specific genes associated with specific traits, such as personality traits.

most frequently examined gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 11

personality was determied by socialization practices, such as parenting style

• - Determine the percentage of individual differences in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences and percentage that can be attributed to environmental differences
• - Determine the ways in which genes and environment interact and correlate with each other to produce individual differences
• - Determine precisely where in the “environment” environmental effects exist—e.g., parental socialization, different teachers to which children are exposed

• - Proportion of observed variance in group of individuals that can be explained or accounted for by genetic variance
• - Proportion of phenotypic variance that is attributable to genetic variance

- Heritability CANNOT be applied to single individual

- Heritability is NOT constant or immutable

- Heritability is NOT a precise statistic

- Can only occur if a desired trait is heritable

- Selective breeding studies of dogs

- Cannot be ethically conducted with humans

• - personality traits
• - attitudes and preferences
• - drinking and smoking

Parents provide both genes and environment to children, yet children do nothing to obtain that environment

Parents (or others) respond to children differently depending on the child’s genotype

Person with particular genotype seeks out a particular environment