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Homeostasis
The ability to maintain physiologically favorable internal environments, even if external conditions change so drastically that individual cells would perish.
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Water balance and wast disposal depend on what?
Transport epithelia.
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An animal's nitrogenous wastes are correlated with two factors. What are they?
Phylogeny and habitat.
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What are the three ways an organism can maintain a physiologically favorable environment?
Thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and excretion.
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Thermoregulation
Maintining body temperature within a tolerable range.
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Osmoregulation
Regulating solute balance and the gain/loss of water.
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Excretion
The removal of nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism.
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The quantity of waste products impacts __________________________.
Water balance.
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Ammonia
Is toxic and an animal using it must have access to high amounts of water.
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Urea
Has a low toxicity, so it can be stored in high concentration, but it takes energy to make it.
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Uric acid
Very low toxicity, is insoluble and saves water, but takes a LOT of enery to make.
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What do excretory systems do?
They dispose of metabolic wastes, adjust rates of loss of particular solutes to control body fluid concentration, and most produce urine.
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What are the four steps in most excretory systems?
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.
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