t/f antibiotics are given before a tooth is worked on to get rid of the infection
FALSE! do treatment and then if infection doesn't reslove give antibiotics
Antibiotics are used in dentistry to treat ______ infection
UNRESOLVED
how long must you premed for a joint replacement?
2 years
as a dental hygienist what is our role in antibacterial therapy? 4
why drug is used
follow up on pt compliance
adverse effects
understand actions
what is it called when the normal flor becomes pathogenic
autogenous infection
what is it called when there is a proliferation of transient microoganisms?
cross infection
t/f autogenous infections occur when there is a proliferation of transient microorganisms
FALSE! Autogenious infections is when the normal flor becomes pathogenic (the other is a cross infection)
the common thread in pharmacologic strategies is to target differences between _______, (bacterial) and _____ (host or body) cells.
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
t/f eukaryotic cells are bacterial cells
FALSE! Host or Body cells eUkaryotic cells its all U!
are prokaryotic cells bacterial or host cells?
bacterial?
what is a unique target for antibacterial thearpy? why doesn't this effect the host cells?
bacterial cell wall
because human cells don't have cell walls
what are the three rules for antibacterial drug selection
Remove infectious debris and allow host immune response to be initiated
select agent to which infecting organism is susceptible
select agent that is the most narrow spectrum
by the time antibacterial agnets are indicated what is seen in the host? (signs for giving antibiotics)
fever
spreading infection
lymphadenopathy
t/f gram - bacilli predominate during infection
true
what is described: reduction of number of normal flora, broad spectrum cause opportunistic infection, non susceptible microbes flourish
suprainfection
t/f you want to pick the most broad spectrum drug to fight infection
FALSE! narrow spectrum
t/f bactericidal drugs slow the growth of bacteria
FALSE! they kill bacteria, bacteriCIDAL like suiCIDAL=death
is it bacyericidal or bacteriostatic if it slows the growth of bacteria
bacteriostatic
what is it called when larger amounts of antibiotic are given to get a higher blood level all at once
loading dose
t/f oral infections are all gram positive
FALSE poly microbial (caused by gram + and gram -)
is a granuloma chronic or acute
CHRONIC (anything with bone being eaten is chronic)
a chonic infection is more _____ for the anaerobes
acidic
with a chronic infection bacterial species ____ and selective ______ survive
deline
bacteria
with a chronic infection the microbiology is more ____ than acute
diverse
t/f chronic infections are poorly localized
FALSE! chronic infections are localized
successfull treatment of an infection is based on the debridement and the _______ immune system
functioning
if you have an immunocompromised pt what is used along with the debridement to treat infection?
antibiotic
if the ______ function is suppressed it can adversely affect the therapeutic outcome, they can be adversely affect by a variety of diseases and by meds such as _______ therapy
leukocyte
corticosteriod
with a reduced immune response a ______ antibiotic may need to be used instead of a ______
bacteriocidal
bacteriostatic
what are some examples of bactericidal drugs?
penicillin
cephalosporin
vancomycin
what is the action of a bactericidal drug?
interrupt cell wall synthesis during cell division
what drug is a DNA synthesis inhbitor in aneorbes?
metronidazole (flagyl)
what are some examples of bacteriostatic drugs
erythromycin
clindamycin
tetracycline
t/f immunocompetent hosts need to have bacteriocidal drugs and immunocompromised need bacteriostatic drugs
immunocompetent=bacteriostatic
immunocompromised=bacteriocidal
bacterial cell wall inhibitors that are the most important are ______ and _____-______
vancomycin
beta-lactams
what are the drugs of choice for antibacterial prophylaxis
penicillins
cephalosporins
what is recommended if a beta-lactam allergy exists?
clindamycin or macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin)
what is the prototype for the penicillin class?
penicillin G
how is penicillin G administered?
injection
what was the first oral doseform of penicillin?
penicillin V
what is the most common agent used today for penicillins?
penicillin VK
what was added to penicillin to enhance absorption?
potassium
t/f penicillin VK is bactericidal
true
what iss associated with a non allergic rash with pt with mononucleosis
ampicillin
what is the most commonly prescribed anitbacterial drug in dentistry
pen VK
t/f penicillin is safe to give to pregnant women
true class B
amoxicillin + _____ ______ = augmentin
clavulonic acid
what is added to some penicillins to make resistant to penicillinase?
clavulanic acid
what is the prototype penicillinase resistant agent?
dicloxacillin (dynapen)
what is used when an organism releases penicillinase and degrades penicilllin molecules
penicillinase resistant agents
what antibiotic prophylaxis is used for a pt with TJR
cephalexin
t/f cephalexin is a first line agent used for antibiotic prophylaxis for individulas with TJR
true
Cephalosporins are structurally related to _____
penicillin
what drug is used for periodontal infection (gram negative)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
metronidazole is effective against _____ _____
obligate anaerobes
are the inhibitors of transcription or trnaslation of RNA bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
bacteriostatic
what binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit?
Macrolids-erythromycin CLARITHROMYCIN, AZITHROMYCIN and LINCOSAMIDES (CLINDAMYCIN)
what are the agents that bind to 30S ribosomal subunit