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take blood away from heart
arteries
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return blood to heart
veins
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functions of blood
- transportation - O2, CO2, waste, nutrients
- regulation -homeostasis, temp, water content
- protection - immune cells, clotting cells
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blood characteristics
- thicker than water
- higher temp - 100.4
- pH 7.4ish - slightly alkaline
- blood volume - male 5-6 li, female 4-5 li
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components of blood
- plasma - 91.5% water
- formed elements - RBC's, WBC's, plateletes
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contains hemoglobin
RBC's
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transports O2 & iron
hemoglobin
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involved in clotting & sealing
platelets
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process by which formed elements of blood develop
hemopoiesis
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hemopoiesis occurs in
red bone marrow (axial skeleton & girdles)
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reproduces itself, differentiates
pluripotent stem cell
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myeloid stem cell
RBC,platelets, granular WBC's
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lymphoid stem cell
- agranular WBC
- T & B cells
- B cells make plasma cells, plasma cells make antibodies
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non iron portion of heme converted to
biliverdin then bilrubin
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granular leukocytes
- eosinophils - allergic, parisitic, autoimmune
- basophils - allergic
- neutrophils - bacteria, burns, stress, inlam.
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agranular leukocytes
- lymphocyte - t & b cells
- monocyte - macrophages
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most usually fixed, some wander
WBC
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chemicals that attract WBC's
chemotaxis
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break off from megakaryocytes in bone marrow & circulate in blood.
small, no nucleus, many vesicles
platelets
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3 main mechanisms to reduce blood loss
- vascular spasm
- platelet plug formation
- blood clotting
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extrinsic pathway
fewer steps, rapid. activated by tissue factor.
-
intrinsic pathway
activated by factor inside blood vessel
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common pathway
- both end in prothrombinase
- converts to prothrombin to thrombin
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vitamin K is needed for the liver to make 4 of the clotting factors
II, prothrombin, VII, IX, X
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