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Dominant weather processes over europe and major topographic features
- uplands/lowlands east to west
- alps highest central
- rhine carries mpst traffic than any other river
- north sea considered economic core
- climate types- temperature midlatitude(dominant), mediterranean, humid continental
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what the major koppen-geiger climate types are and where they are found
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feudalism? how was it structured?
originated from the need to provide some stability and order and to defend rural areas against raiders
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diverse sources that supplied ideas and technology to European culture and institutions, in past and present
- 10,000 yrs ago practice of agricultre and animal husbandry= Tigris/Euphrates river valleys in Southwest Asia
- cultivation of wheat, barley, fruits, veggies,, keeping of cattle, pigs, sheep from Central&Southwest Asia, N. Africa
- Today many europeans speak romance laguages: french, spanish, italian
- muslim rulers- textile and metal trade goods, food crops, technologies
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How Age of exploration directly supported industrial revolution
- mercantilism came from the age of exploration
- mercantilism supported the I.R. by supplying cheap resources from around the globe for Europe's new factories, colonial markets
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how wealth flowing from colonies benefited colonial powers
- mining, milling, manufacturing ld to substantial migration of workers from rural areas to england, holland, france
- large trading companies in americas, asia, africa generated profits from movement of raw materials bringing wealth to parts of europe
- London and paris, europe's largest cities
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mercantilism? how it functioned? (for whose benefit)
strategy for increasing a countrry's power/wealth not only acquiring colonies with their human and natural resources
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how eurpean centers of wealth and power shifted after 1500
increasing wealth was particularily evident in flourishing cities of N.- central Europe to which over seas colonies ruled by england and holland brought enormus infusions of cash to be invested in industrailization
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World city?
Examples of world cities in Europe
- Cities of worldwide economic or cultural influence
- Paris, London
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Various Revolutions
Agarian Rev., Industri rev, and politican revs that have shaped it
- indus rev-sugar provided production model and generated enormous wealth
- agarian-
- democratic-europe becoming democracy
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how the indus. rev changed the way goods were produced
introduced mechanization-highly technical implementation(method)
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How french rev. was unique in the history of uprising?
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How WW1 & WW2 changed the face of Europe?
Germany divided into 2 parts
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Holocaust?
- mid tweenieth century.
- massive ethic cleansing of 6 million jews perpetrated mainly by the Nazi government
- (germany) and facist gov(italy)
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Cold war?
duration?
- 1945 to 1951
- U.s. and soviet union competed for dominance
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period which europe's colonies gained most of independence
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conflict where ethnic cleansinig became a major issue behind torture and cleansing
Holocaust
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implications of Europe's aging populations
- death rates higher than birth rates
- women don't want to be mothers because of job situation
- most are veterans of war
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various organizations that led to the formation of European Union
- european economic community,
- north atlantic treaty organization
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purposes and goals for which EU was established
G- extend transportation networks to draw europe together
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how european union membership has benefited its smaller less economically developed members
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how eu contributes to world competitivenss for its members in market global place
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which aspects of eu are controversial and why
- standards for membership, country must acheive political stability and democratically elected government
- each country had to adjust constution to EU standards
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n. atlantic treaty?
relationship to EU today?
- created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security
- stepping stone to membership in EU
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how economies in europe are changing
- deindustrialization
- growing service economies
- energy resources
- transportation structure
- Technology
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status of farming and food self sufficiency
- self sufficiency in food-positive
- only 2% of Europe fulltime farming
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open door borders of eu affect migration between eu member coutries
- eased life throughout region faciliating trade, employment, tourism.
- intennded to bring new workers to england
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issues surrounding immigration in europe? where immgrants are coming
- europeans fear that presence of large number of immgrants will make them feel like strangers towards their own land.
- turkey, north africa, afghanistan, albania, haiti, rwnada serbia
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how # of women who work outside home varies in each county
womens political participation
- least in italy 45%, most in denmark 75%, united stated in middle65%
- most in north europe, west europe u.s. last
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various "flavors" of social welfare systems and how they vary over space
- north europe-social democratic-equality
- west europe-conservative-minimum standard for all citizens
- United kingdom-modest-encourage individual responsibility and work ethic
- south europe-rudimentary-don't accept ideas that citizens have right to government sponsored support
- post communist-eastern/southeastern-women pressured to work outside home
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major environmental issues and how challenges they represent are being met
- air pollution- signed Kyto protocol, which sets incremental goals for emission control
- sea pollution-1st priority to get 21 ratified countries involvd and then to enforce them
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sea pollution varies over space
- worst in baltic sea 10-20
- best in meditteranean .75
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wealthiest across europe
- slovenia 20% population four times more wealthy then 20% poorest
- Middle andSouth America richest 20% more than 20 times more wealthy then 20% poorest
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