-
Occipitalis
pulls the scalp back
-
Frontalis
raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead (surprise, fright)
-
orbicularis oculi
closes the lids
-
corrugator supercilii
draws eyebrows together (frowning)
-
procerus
pulls skin of nose upward (wrinkles on bridge of nose)
-
nasalis
compresses or dilates nostrils
-
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator labii superioris
levator anguli oris
raise and evert upper lip and corner of mouth (snarling)
-
risorius
zygomaticus major
zagomaticus minor
retract and raise corner of mouth (grin, smile, laugh)
-
depressor labii inferioris
depressor anguli oris
mentalis
- depress lower lip and corner of mouth (sad).
- mentalis alone protrudes and everts lower lip (pout)
-
orbicularis oris
closes lips/purses them for blowing
-
buccinator
compresses cheek against teeth (prevents food from accumulating) and is the blowing muscle
-
platysma
tightens skin of neck, draws down the lower lip and corner of mouth (grimace), may assist in opening mouth
-
superior, inferior, medial, and lateral recti
turn eye upward, downward, medially, and laterally, respectively
(act in same direction as name)
-
superior oblique
turns eye downward and laterally
-
inferior oblique
turns eye upward and laterally
(tendon has a trochlea)
-
levator palpebrae superioris
raises upper lid
Antagonist = orbicularis occuli
-
genioglossus
sticks tongue out
-
hyoglossus
depresses tongue
-
styloglossus
draws tongue upwards and backwards
-
intrinsic muscles of the tongue (4 groups on each side superior and inferior longitudinal groups, transverse group, vertical group)
alter shape of the tongue
-
sternocleidomastoid
bilaterally: extends head at atlanto-occiptal joint and flexes neck
unilaterally: side bends head and neck to SAME side, rotates OPPOSITE side
-
suprahyoid muscles (stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniogyoid)
elevate hyoid during swallowing
depress mandible when hyoid is fixed
-
infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid)
depress hyoid and larynx during swallowing after elevation by suprahyoid
-
longus colli
bilaterally: flexes neck
unilaterally: side bends next to SAME side, rotates OPPOSITE
-
longus capitis
bilaterally: flexes head and neck
unilaterally: side bends and rotates head and neck to SAME side
-
rectus capitis lateralis
side bends head to SAME side
-
rectus capitis anterior
flexes head at atlanto-occipital joints
-
scalenes
flex cervical spine, sidebend and rotate to SAME side when ribs fixed
elevate 2 upper ribs during inspiration when cervical spine fixed
-
masseter
elevates mandible (closing mouth)
-
temporalis
- anterior fibers: elevate mandible
- posterior fibers: retract mandible
-
lateral pterygoid
both heads: draws mandible toward opposite side (side-to-side grinding movement)
Upper head: elevates mandible
Lower head: protrudes/depresses mandible (opens mouth)
-
medial pterygoid
- draws mandible toward opposite side
- protrudes and elevates mandible
|
|