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List the four compartments of the thigh.
anterior, lateral, posterior, & medial
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What structure forms the compartments of the thigh?
fascia lata - the deep fascia
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Origin- Transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion- Lesser trochanter of femur
Action- Flexes hip; Rotates thigh laterally; Flexes vertebral column
psoas major
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Origin- Iliac fossa
Insertion- Lesser trochanter of femur
Action- Flexes hip; Rotates thigh laterally
iliacus
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By what name are the iliacus and psoas major referred to after they pass deep to the inguinal ligament?
iliopsoas
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Origin- Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion- Superior part of the medial surface of tibia
Action- Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint.
(Known as tailor's muscle)
sartorius
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Origin- Pubis - below pubic crest
Insertion- Middle third of linea aspera of the femur
Action- Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates the thigh
adductor longus
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Origin- Body and inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion- Proximal part of linea aspera
Action- Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh
adductor brevis
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Origin- Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion- Proximal medial surface of tibia
Action- Adducts thigh; Flexes and rotates leg medially at knee
gracilis
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Origin- Pectineal line of the pubis
Insertion- Pectineal line of the femur
Action- Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh
pectineus
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Origin- Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, and ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Linea aspera and medial epicondyle of femur
Action- Adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh
adductor magnus
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Origin- Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of external lip of iliac crest
Insertion- Anterolateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle via iliotibial tract
Action- Abducts thigh
tensor fasciae latae
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Origin- Iliac crest, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
Insertion- Gluteal tuberosity and ilitibial tract
Action- Extends hip; Rotates thigh laterally
gluteus maximus
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Origin- Upper half of lateral surface of the ilium
Insertion- Lateral surface of greater trochanter
Action- Abducts hip; Rotates thigh medially
gluteus medius
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Origin- Lower half of lateral surface of ilium
Insertion- Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Action- Abducts hip; Rotates thigh medially
gluteus minimus
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Origin- Anterior of the sacrum
Insertion- Superior border of greater trochanter
Action- Laterally rotates extended hip and abducts flexed thigh
piriformis
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Origin- Long Head: Ischial tuberosity. Short Head: Distal part of linea aspera of femur
Insertion- Lateral side of head of fibula
Action- Flexes leg and rotates it laterally; Extends thigh
biceps femoris
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Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
Action- Flexes leg at knee; Extends and medially rotates thigh at hip
semitendinosus
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Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Proximal portion of medial surface of body of tibia
Action- Flexes leg at knee; Extends and medially rotates thigh at hip
semimembranosus
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What is the collective name of the group of four extensors of the knee in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
quadriceps femoris
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What is the common insertion of the group of four extensors of the knee in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
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What is the common action of the group of four extensors of the knee in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
extension of the knee
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Of the four extensors in the anterior compartment of the thigh, which crosses the hip joint and is a flexor of the hip?
rectus femoris
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Origin- Anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to acetabulum
Insertion- Patella by common tendond which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action- Flexion of the hip; Extension of the knee
rectus femoris
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Origin- Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Insertion- Patella by common tendon which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action- Extension of the knee
vastus lateralis
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Origin- Medial surface and linea aspera of femur
Insertion- Patella by common tendon which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action- Extension of the knee
vastus medialis
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Origin- Anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
Insertion- Patella by common tendon which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action- Extension of the knee
vastus intermedius
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List all of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh that cross the knee joint.
sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, & vastus medialis
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List all the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh that cross the knee joint.
gracilis
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List all the muscles of the lateral compartment of the thigh that cross the knee joint.
tensor fasciae latae
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List all of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh that cross the knee joint.
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, & semimembranosus
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What is an anatomical term for the muscles of the leg?
crural muscles
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How many compartments lie within the leg?
three
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List the compartments that lie within the leg.
anterior, lateral, & posterior
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Origin- Lateral condyle of tibia, superior 3/4 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion- Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Action- Extends digits 2-5 and dorsiflexes foot
extensor digitorum longus
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Origin- Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseus membrane
Insertion- Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of digit 1 (hallux)
Action- Extends great toe and assists dorsiflexion of foot
extensor hallucis longus
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Origin- Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia
Insertion- Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal bone
Action- Dorsiflexion of ankle and inversion of foot
tibialis anterior
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Origin- Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion- Inferior aspects of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
Action- Plantar flexes and everts foot
fibularis longus
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Origin- Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion- Dorsal surface of tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
Action- Everts foot and weakly plantar flexes foot
fibularis brevis
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Origin- Lateral Head: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial Head: Popliteal surface of femur, superior fo medial condyle
Insertion- Posterior surface of tuberosity of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action- Plantar flexes foot; raises heel during walking, and flexes knee
gastrocnemius
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Origin- Posterior aspect of fibula and tibia
Insertion- Posterior surface tuberosity of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action- Plantar flexes foot
soleus
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Origin- Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion- Posterior surface tuberosity of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Action- Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantar flexing foot and flexing knee joint
plantaris
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Origin- Medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
Insertion- Inferior surface of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action- Flexes digits 2-5 and plantar flexes foot
flexor digitorum longus
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Origin- Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
Insertion- Inferior surface of base of distal phalanx of great tow
Action- Flexes first digit at all joints and plantar flexes foot
flexor hallucis longus
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Origin- Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and posterior surface of fibula
Insertion- Inferior surfaces of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of metatarsals 2, 3, and 4
Action- Plantar flexes and inverts foot; Supports arches
tibials posterior
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Origin- Lateral condyle of femur
Insertion- Upper posterior aspect of tibia
Action- Weakly flexes leg and unlocks it
popliteus
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What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?
gluteal tuberosity & iliotibial tract
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What is the common origin of all the hamstrings?
ischial tuberosity
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What is the most superficial muscle of the calf?
gastrocnemius
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Which of the adductors of the thigh crosses the knee joint?
gracilis
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