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Mononeuropathies are usually due to
Entrapment or compression, as in carpal tunnel syndrome, or trauma.
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Mononeuropathy multiplex is usually due to
an inflammatory cause, in particular vasculitic syndromes, such as polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, among others.
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Polyneuropathies -causes
- Diabetes mellitus
- toxins-chemotherapy agents
- nutritional neuropathies
- vit B12 deficiency
- inherited neuropathies- eg Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease- high arch, loss of ms, claw toes
- immune mediated neuropathies-Guillain-Barre syndrome.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is caused by
- schwann cell dysfunction.
- recurrent segmental demyelination occurs in a # of chronic hereditary neuropathies, repeated episodes of demyelination + remyelination, leads to florid schwann proliferation, forming multiple layers of schwann cells around thinly myelinated axons, called onion bulb whorls.
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
damage to the myelin shealth
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